ACBN Trivia 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which protein quality metric accounts for both the amino acid profile and the digestibility of a protein source?
- Biological Value (BV)
- Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)
- Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) (Correct answer)
- Net Protein Utilization (NPU)
Correct answer: Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)
PDCAAS corrects the amino acid score of a protein by its true fecal digestibility, making it the WHO/FAO-recommended method for evaluating protein quality.
Question 2: Vitamin K is best known for its essential role in which physiological process?
- Calcium absorption in the gut
- Blood clotting (coagulation) (Correct answer)
- Red blood cell production
- Immune cell maturation
Correct answer: Blood clotting (coagulation)
Vitamin K is a cofactor for the carboxylation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, making it essential for normal blood coagulation.
Question 3: A client follows a strict vegan diet. Which nutrient is MOST likely to be deficient and require supplementation?
- Vitamin C
- Folate
- Vitamin B12 (Correct answer)
- Potassium
Correct answer: Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is found almost exclusively in animal-derived foods; vegans are at high risk of deficiency and typically require supplements or fortified foods.
Question 4: The thermic effect of food (TEF) is highest for which macronutrient?
- Fat (~2–3%)
- Carbohydrate (~5–10%)
- Protein (~20–30%) (Correct answer)
- Alcohol (~15–20%)
Correct answer: Protein (~20–30%)
Protein has the highest thermic effect, requiring 20–30% of its own calories for digestion, absorption, and metabolism.
Question 5: Which condition is characterized by excessive accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, often linked to high purine intake?
- Osteoporosis
- Gout (Correct answer)
- Celiac disease
- Phenylketonuria
Correct answer: Gout
Gout results from hyperuricemia, where uric acid (end product of purine metabolism) crystallizes in joints, causing acute inflammatory arthritis.
Question 6: The tolerable upper intake level (UL) for a nutrient represents:
- The optimal intake for preventing chronic disease
- The highest daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects (Correct answer)
- The intake that meets needs of 97.5% of the population
- The minimum intake needed to prevent deficiency
Correct answer: The highest daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects
The UL is the maximum daily intake from all sources considered unlikely to pose a risk of adverse health effects for almost all individuals.
Question 7: Which monosaccharide is the primary unit that makes up dietary starch and glycogen?
- Fructose
- Galactose
- Glucose (Correct answer)
- Mannose
Correct answer: Glucose
Both starch (in plants) and glycogen (in animals) are polysaccharides made entirely of glucose units linked by alpha-glycosidic bonds.
ACBN Trivia 5
Which protein quality metric accounts for both the amino acid profile and the digestibility of a protein source?