ACBN Trivia 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?
- Carbohydrates (4 kcal/g)
- Protein (4 kcal/g)
- Fat (9 kcal/g) (Correct answer)
- Alcohol (5 kcal/g)
Correct answer: Fat (9 kcal/g)
Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, making it the most energy-dense macronutrient, more than double that of carbohydrates or protein.
Question 2: The body's preferred fuel for the brain under normal dietary conditions is:
- Fatty acids
- Ketone bodies
- Glucose (Correct answer)
- Amino acids
Correct answer: Glucose
The brain relies almost exclusively on glucose for fuel under normal (non-fasting) conditions because fatty acids cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.
Question 3: Which food label claim requires that a product contain no more than 0.5 g of fat per serving according to FDA regulations?
- Low fat
- Reduced fat
- Fat free (Correct answer)
- Light
Correct answer: Fat free
The FDA defines 'fat free' as containing less than 0.5 g of fat per serving, allowing trace amounts that round to zero.
Question 4: Pellagra is a niacin deficiency disease classically characterized by the 'four Ds': dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and which fourth condition?
- Dehydration
- Depression
- Death (Correct answer)
- Dysphagia
Correct answer: Death
Untreated pellagra progresses to the fourth 'D' — death — making early identification and niacin repletion critical.
Question 5: Which hormone, secreted by adipose tissue, signals satiety to the hypothalamus and helps regulate long-term energy balance?
- Ghrelin
- Insulin
- Leptin (Correct answer)
- Cholecystokinin
Correct answer: Leptin
Leptin is released by fat cells in proportion to fat mass and suppresses appetite by acting on hypothalamic receptors to signal fullness.
Question 6: Bioavailability of a nutrient refers to:
- The total amount of a nutrient in a food before cooking
- The proportion of a nutrient absorbed and used by the body (Correct answer)
- The stability of a nutrient during food storage
- The recommended daily intake of a nutrient
Correct answer: The proportion of a nutrient absorbed and used by the body
Bioavailability describes what fraction of an ingested nutrient is actually absorbed from the gut and available for physiological use.
Question 7: The essential fatty acid linoleic acid belongs to which omega family?
- Omega-3
- Omega-6 (Correct answer)
- Omega-7
- Omega-9
Correct answer: Omega-6
Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) is an omega-6 essential fatty acid that the body cannot synthesize and must obtain from vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.
ACBN Trivia 4
Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?