ACBN Trivia 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The glycemic index (GI) measures a food's effect on blood glucose relative to which reference food?
- White rice
- Sucrose
- White bread or pure glucose (Correct answer)
- Whole wheat bread
Correct answer: White bread or pure glucose
The glycemic index is standardized against pure glucose (GI = 100) or white bread (GI = 100 in some scales) to compare blood glucose responses.
Question 2: Which organ is the primary site of glycogen storage that serves as a blood-glucose buffer for the rest of the body?
- Skeletal muscle
- Kidneys
- Liver (Correct answer)
- Pancreas
Correct answer: Liver
The liver stores glycogen that can be broken down and released as glucose into the bloodstream to maintain blood glucose levels between meals.
Question 3: Scurvy results from a deficiency of which nutrient that is essential for collagen synthesis?
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin C (Correct answer)
- Zinc
- Iron
Correct answer: Vitamin C
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is required for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen; deficiency leads to fragile collagen and scurvy.
Question 4: Which type of dietary fiber has been most consistently shown to lower LDL cholesterol levels?
- Insoluble fiber
- Soluble fiber (Correct answer)
- Resistant starch only
- Cellulose
Correct answer: Soluble fiber
Soluble fiber (e.g., beta-glucan in oats, pectin in fruits) binds bile acids in the gut, promoting their excretion and lowering LDL cholesterol.
Question 5: The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) category that represents the average daily intake sufficient to meet the needs of half the healthy population is called the:
- Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
- Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) (Correct answer)
- Adequate Intake (AI)
- Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
Correct answer: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
The EAR is the intake estimated to meet the nutrient requirement of 50% of healthy individuals in a specific age and sex group.
Question 6: Which amino acid is classified as conditionally essential because it becomes essential during periods of rapid growth, illness, or stress?
- Leucine
- Glutamine (Correct answer)
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
Correct answer: Glutamine
Glutamine is normally synthesized in adequate amounts but becomes conditionally essential during trauma, surgery, or serious illness when demand outpaces synthesis.
Question 7: Iron absorption is significantly enhanced when consumed with which of the following?
- Tannins from tea
- Calcium from dairy
- Vitamin C from citrus (Correct answer)
- Phytates from grains
Correct answer: Vitamin C from citrus
Vitamin C converts ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+), which is more soluble and better absorbed in the small intestine.
ACBN Trivia 3
The glycemic index (GI) measures a food's effect on blood glucose relative to which reference food?