ACBN Risk Assessment & Management 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which biomarker is most useful for assessing long-term cardiovascular risk related to dietary fat intake?
- Serum triglycerides
- LDL particle number (LDL-P) (Correct answer)
- Total cholesterol
- Fasting glucose
Correct answer: LDL particle number (LDL-P)
LDL particle number (LDL-P) is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than LDL-C because small, dense LDL particles penetrate arterial walls more readily.
Question 2: A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 presents for nutrition counseling. Which nutrient requires the most careful risk assessment?
- Carbohydrates
- Phosphorus (Correct answer)
- Monounsaturated fats
- Soluble fiber
Correct answer: Phosphorus
Phosphorus accumulates in CKD due to reduced renal clearance, increasing risk of hyperphosphatemia and cardiovascular calcification.
Question 3: When assessing nutritional risk in a hospitalized patient, which screening tool is specifically validated for acute care settings?
- MNA (Mini Nutritional Assessment)
- NRS-2002 (Nutritional Risk Screening) (Correct answer)
- MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool)
- SGA (Subjective Global Assessment)
Correct answer: NRS-2002 (Nutritional Risk Screening)
NRS-2002 is validated for hospital inpatients and accounts for both nutritional status and disease severity.
Question 4: A 65-year-old woman on warfarin asks about increasing her intake of leafy greens. What is the primary risk management concern?
- Excess calcium competing with warfarin absorption
- Vitamin K antagonizing warfarin's anticoagulant effect (Correct answer)
- Oxalate increasing bleeding risk
- Folate accelerating warfarin metabolism
Correct answer: Vitamin K antagonizing warfarin's anticoagulant effect
Vitamin K is a cofactor for clotting factor synthesis and directly opposes warfarin's mechanism of action, potentially reducing anticoagulation efficacy.
Question 5: Which dietary pattern is associated with the highest risk of incident type 2 diabetes according to large prospective studies?
- High fiber, low glycemic index diet
- Western diet high in processed meats and refined grains (Correct answer)
- Mediterranean diet
- DASH diet
Correct answer: Western diet high in processed meats and refined grains
The Western dietary pattern—characterized by processed meats, refined carbohydrates, and added sugars—consistently predicts higher T2DM incidence in prospective cohort studies.
Question 6: In food allergy risk management, what is the correct priority order for emergency response to anaphylaxis?
- Antihistamine → epinephrine → call 911
- Epinephrine → call 911 → antihistamine as secondary (Correct answer)
- Call 911 → epinephrine → antihistamine
- Antihistamine → call 911 → epinephrine if worsening
Correct answer: Epinephrine → call 911 → antihistamine as secondary
Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis; emergency services should be activated immediately after, with antihistamines only as adjuncts.
Question 7: Which population has the highest nutritional risk for iron deficiency anemia based on physiological demand?
- Postmenopausal women
- Adolescent females (Correct answer)
- Adult males over 40
- Elderly men
Correct answer: Adolescent females
Adolescent females face elevated risk due to the combination of rapid growth demands, menstrual losses, and frequently inadequate dietary iron intake.
ACBN Risk Assessment & Management 2
Which biomarker is most useful for assessing long-term cardiovascular risk related to dietary fat intake?