ACBN Nutritionist MCQ 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with prolonged vomiting?
- Hypernatremia
- Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis (Correct answer)
- Hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis
- Hypercalcemia
Correct answer: Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis
Loss of gastric hydrochloric acid through vomiting causes hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis due to hydrogen and chloride depletion.
Question 2: Which dietary modification is the first-line nutrition intervention for managing hypertriglyceridemia?
- Reducing saturated fat intake
- Reducing refined carbohydrates and alcohol (Correct answer)
- Increasing dietary cholesterol restriction
- Increasing omega-6 polyunsaturated fats
Correct answer: Reducing refined carbohydrates and alcohol
Refined carbohydrates and alcohol are the primary dietary drivers of elevated triglycerides; restricting them is the first-line dietary strategy.
Question 3: In the context of nutrition labeling, what does the term 'fortification' mean?
- Adding nutrients to replace those lost during processing
- Adding nutrients not naturally present or present in insignificant amounts (Correct answer)
- Reducing sodium and sugar content
- Enhancing flavor with natural ingredients
Correct answer: Adding nutrients not naturally present or present in insignificant amounts
Fortification refers to adding nutrients to a food that were not originally present or were present in only negligible amounts.
Question 4: A client reports consuming large doses of vitamin C supplements. Which mineral's absorption could be significantly increased as a result?
- Calcium
- Zinc
- Non-heme iron (Correct answer)
- Magnesium
Correct answer: Non-heme iron
Vitamin C reduces ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+), enhancing non-heme iron absorption in the duodenum.
Question 5: Which type of dietary fiber is most effective at lowering LDL cholesterol?
- Insoluble cellulose
- Resistant starch
- Soluble viscous fiber (e.g., beta-glucan) (Correct answer)
- Inulin
Correct answer: Soluble viscous fiber (e.g., beta-glucan)
Soluble viscous fibers like beta-glucan form a gel in the intestine that binds bile acids and reduces LDL cholesterol reabsorption.
Question 6: Which metabolic pathway is activated during prolonged fasting to supply glucose to the brain?
- Glycolysis
- Gluconeogenesis (Correct answer)
- Glycogenolysis
- Beta-oxidation
Correct answer: Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis synthesizes new glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors (amino acids, lactate, glycerol) primarily in the liver to sustain blood glucose.
Question 7: A nutritionist assessing a client's diet using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is measuring what?
- Total caloric intake relative to body weight
- Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Correct answer)
- Blood biomarker levels in relation to food intake
- Physical activity level adjusted for diet quality
Correct answer: Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
The HEI is a diet quality scoring tool that measures how closely a person's diet aligns with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
ACBN Nutritionist MCQ 5
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with prolonged vomiting?