ACBN Nutritionist MCQ 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which hormone primarily regulates long-term energy balance by signaling satiety to the hypothalamus?
- Ghrelin
- Insulin
- Leptin (Correct answer)
- Cortisol
Correct answer: Leptin
Leptin, secreted by adipose tissue, signals the hypothalamus to suppress appetite and increase energy expenditure.
Question 2: What is the primary site of vitamin B12 absorption in the gastrointestinal tract?
- Stomach
- Duodenum
- Terminal ileum (Correct answer)
- Colon
Correct answer: Terminal ileum
Vitamin B12 bound to intrinsic factor is absorbed via specific receptors in the terminal ileum.
Question 3: According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugars should be limited to less than what percentage of total daily calories?
- 5%
- 10% (Correct answer)
- 15%
- 20%
Correct answer: 10%
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added sugars to less than 10% of total daily caloric intake.
Question 4: A client's 24-hour dietary recall reveals very low riboflavin intake. Which symptom would you expect to observe?
- Scurvy (bleeding gums)
- Angular stomatitis and glossitis (Correct answer)
- Pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia)
- Peripheral neuropathy
Correct answer: Angular stomatitis and glossitis
Riboflavin (B2) deficiency presents as ariboflavinosis, characterized by angular stomatitis, cheilosis, and a magenta-colored glossitis.
Question 5: Which protein quality assessment method accounts for digestibility AND amino acid score, and is used for evaluating protein in foods for humans?
- Biological Value (BV)
- Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)
- PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score) (Correct answer)
- Net Protein Utilization (NPU)
Correct answer: PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score)
PDCAAS is the FAO/WHO-recommended method that corrects the amino acid score by the true fecal digestibility of the protein.
Question 6: Which condition is characterized by a serum ferritin below 12 µg/L without anemia?
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Iron depletion (Stage 1 iron deficiency) (Correct answer)
- Hemochromatosis
- Anemia of chronic disease
Correct answer: Iron depletion (Stage 1 iron deficiency)
Stage 1 iron deficiency (iron depletion) is characterized by depleted iron stores (low ferritin) but normal hemoglobin and no anemia yet.
Question 7: What is the recommended daily fiber intake for adult men under 50 years according to the Dietary Reference Intakes?
- 21 g/day
- 25 g/day
- 30 g/day
- 38 g/day (Correct answer)
Correct answer: 38 g/day
The AI for total fiber for men 19–50 years is 38 g/day, based on 14 g per 1,000 kcal at a 2,700 kcal average intake.
ACBN Nutritionist MCQ 4
Which hormone primarily regulates long-term energy balance by signaling satiety to the hypothalamus?