ACBN ACBN Community & Public Health Nutrition 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) requires that school meals meet what percentage of the daily recommended amounts for key nutrients?
- One-third of daily recommended amounts (Correct answer)
- One-half of daily recommended amounts
- All daily recommended amounts
- Two-thirds of daily recommended amounts
Correct answer: One-third of daily recommended amounts
NSLP regulations require school lunches to provide approximately one-third of students' daily recommended amounts of energy, protein, calcium, iron, and vitamins A and C.
Question 2: Which epidemiological study design is best suited to establishing causality between a dietary exposure and a chronic disease outcome?
- Randomized controlled trial (RCT) (Correct answer)
- Cross-sectional study
- Case-control study
- Ecological study
Correct answer: Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
RCTs with random assignment minimize confounding and provide the strongest evidence for causality, though prospective cohort studies are more common in nutrition research due to feasibility.
Question 3: In community nutrition assessment, the 24-hour dietary recall method is best used for estimating:
- Population-level usual intake distributions (Correct answer)
- Individual long-term dietary patterns
- Nutrient bioavailability
- Food production data
Correct answer: Population-level usual intake distributions
Multiple 24-hour recalls from a representative sample can be used with statistical methods like SIDE or NCI method to estimate usual intake distributions for a population.
Question 4: The term 'food desert' refers to areas that lack:
- Adequate access to affordable, healthy foods (Correct answer)
- Any food retail outlets
- Farmer's markets only
- Organic food options
Correct answer: Adequate access to affordable, healthy foods
Food deserts are low-income areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, typically defined as more than 1 mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from a supermarket.
Question 5: Which federal program provides nutrition assistance to low-income Americans through electronic benefit transfer (EBT) cards?
- SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) (Correct answer)
- WIC
- NSLP
- TEFAP
Correct answer: SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program)
SNAP, formerly known as Food Stamps, provides monthly benefits via EBT cards to eligible low-income individuals and families to purchase food at authorized retailers.
Question 6: Social determinants of health (SDOH) that influence nutritional status include:
- Income, education, neighborhood, and social support (Correct answer)
- Genetic factors only
- Individual food preferences
- Exercise habits alone
Correct answer: Income, education, neighborhood, and social support
SDOH are the non-medical factors shaping health outcomes, including economic stability, education, neighborhood/built environment, and social context — all of which influence food access and diet quality.
ACBN ACBN Community & Public Health Nutrition 2
The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) requires that school meals meet what percentage of the daily recommended amounts for key nutrients?