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Occupational Toxicology Flashcards

7 cards from real ABT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Silicosis results from occupational inhalation of which form of silica?

    Answer: Crystalline silica (quartz)

    Crystalline silica, particularly quartz, is fibrogenic and causes progressive pulmonary fibrosis (silicosis) upon inhalation.

  2. Which type of asbestos fiber is associated with the greatest risk of mesothelioma due to its biopersistent, thin, needle-like morphology?

    Answer: Crocidolite (blue asbestos)

    Crocidolite (blue asbestos), an amphibole fiber, carries the highest mesothelioma risk due to its biopersistance and fiber dimensions that allow deep lung penetration.

  3. Occupational asthma caused by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) primarily involves which immunological mechanism?

    Answer: IgE-mediated (Type I) hypersensitivity

    TDI-induced occupational asthma typically involves IgE-mediated sensitization, causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions with bronchospasm upon re-exposure.

  4. n-Hexane causes peripheral neuropathy through which specific mechanism?

    Answer: Formation of 2,5-hexanedione which cross-links neurofilament proteins

    n-Hexane is metabolized to 2,5-hexanedione, which pyrrylates lysine residues in neurofilament proteins, causing cross-linking and axonal swelling (giant axonal neuropathy).

  5. Minamata disease is caused by occupational and environmental exposure to which toxic substance?

    Answer: Methylmercury

    Minamata disease results from methylmercury poisoning documented in Minamata Bay, Japan, where industrial effluent contaminated the marine food chain.

  6. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (black lung disease) is caused by chronic inhalation of which dust?

    Answer: Coal dust

    Coal workers' pneumoconiosis results from the progressive accumulation of coal dust in the lungs, leading to macule formation and, in severe cases, progressive massive fibrosis.

  7. The General Duty Clause (Section 5(a)(1)) of the OSH Act requires employers to:

    Answer: Provide a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious harm

    Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act obligates employers to provide workplaces free from recognized hazards causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees.