Clinical Toxicology Flashcards
6 cards from real ABT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Clinical Toxicology flashcards as text
Which treatment is first-line for cyanide poisoning in the United States?
Answer: Hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) is the preferred first-line antidote for cyanide poisoning in the US, binding cyanide to form cyanocobalamin excreted in urine.
Methylene blue is the antidote for which toxicological condition?
Answer: Methemoglobinemia
Methylene blue reduces methemoglobin back to functional hemoglobin via the NADPH-methemoglobin reductase pathway.
A urine drug screen using immunoassay is most prone to which analytical problem?
Answer: Cross-reactivity causing false positives
Immunoassay urine drug screens are class-specific and can yield false positives due to cross-reactivity with structurally similar compounds.
Which mechanism explains salicylate-induced hyperthermia in severe toxicity?
Answer: Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
Salicylates uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, generating excess heat rather than ATP, leading to hyperthermia.
Which of the following is a contraindication to ipecac syrup administration in poisoned patients?
Answer: Caustic or corrosive substance ingestion
Ipecac is contraindicated after caustic ingestion because vomiting can worsen esophageal and oropharyngeal injury from re-exposure to the substance.
Carbon monoxide poisoning is treated with 100% oxygen primarily because it:
Answer: Competitively displaces CO from hemoglobin by mass action
High-flow 100% oxygen competitively displaces carbon monoxide from hemoglobin via mass action, reducing carboxyhemoglobin half-life from ~5 hours to ~60–90 minutes.