Abstract Reasoning Logical Deduction 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: All squares in a test are shaded. Figure X is not shaded. Which conclusion is valid?
- Figure X is a circle
- Figure X is not a square (Correct answer)
- Figure X is a triangle
- Figure X has no shape
Correct answer: Figure X is not a square
If all squares are shaded and Figure X is not shaded, then by contrapositive, Figure X cannot be a square.
Question 2: In a logical abstract test: Shape A is bigger than Shape B. Shape B is bigger than Shape C. Which conclusion must be true?
- Shape C is the biggest
- Shape A is the smallest
- Shape A is bigger than Shape C (Correct answer)
- Shape B is the biggest
Correct answer: Shape A is bigger than Shape C
Transitivity of inequality: A > B and B > C implies A > C.
Question 3: Every circle in the set is blue, and every blue shape is large. Shape Z is a circle. What must be true about Shape Z?
- Shape Z is small
- Shape Z is blue and large (Correct answer)
- Shape Z is large but not blue
- Shape Z is blue but not large
Correct answer: Shape Z is blue and large
Circle → blue (premise 1), and blue → large (premise 2); by transitivity, circle → blue and large.
Question 4: In an abstract test, if a figure has more than 4 sides, it is placed in Group A. A hexagon has 6 sides. Which group does it belong to?
- Group A (Correct answer)
- Group B
- Neither group
- Both groups
Correct answer: Group A
6 > 4, so the hexagon satisfies the condition and belongs to Group A.
Question 5: No triangles are shaded. Shape P is shaded. What can you conclude about Shape P?
- Shape P is a triangle
- Shape P is not a triangle (Correct answer)
- Shape P is a square
- Nothing can be concluded
Correct answer: Shape P is not a triangle
Since no triangles are shaded and Shape P is shaded, Shape P cannot be a triangle.
Question 6: In a deductive abstract problem: if a shape is red, it is also round. If a shape is round, it has no corners. Shape Q is red. What must be true about Shape Q?
- Shape Q has corners
- Shape Q is not round
- Shape Q has no corners (Correct answer)
- Shape Q is blue
Correct answer: Shape Q has no corners
Red → round (rule 1), and round → no corners (rule 2); chaining gives red → no corners, so Shape Q has no corners.
Abstract Reasoning Logical Deduction 1
All squares in a test are shaded.
Figure X is not shaded.
Which conclusion is valid?