ABPS Craniofacial & Pediatric Plastic Surgery Flashcards

Which suture is prematurely fused in scaphocephaly (dolichocephaly)?

Answer: Sagittal suture

Premature fusion of the sagittal suture restricts lateral skull growth, producing a long, narrow head shape called scaphocephaly.

Tessier's classification system organizes craniofacial clefts along which anatomical axes?

Answer: Numbered clefts 0–14 running through soft tissue and skeleton

Tessier numbered craniofacial clefts 0–14, describing their paths through both soft tissue and the underlying skeletal structures.

In unilateral cleft lip repair, the Millard rotation-advancement technique primarily achieves lip length by which mechanism?

Answer: Rotating the medial lip element down and advancing the lateral flap

The Millard technique rotates the medial lip element inferiorly and advances the lateral flap into the gap to restore normal lip height.

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) following cleft palate repair is best evaluated with which study?

Answer: Nasopharyngoscopy and nasometry

Nasopharyngoscopy visualizes velopharyngeal closure directly, while nasometry objectively measures nasal air emission during speech.

Apert syndrome is caused by a mutation in which gene?

Answer: FGFR2

Apert syndrome results from gain-of-function mutations in FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2), causing craniosynostosis and syndactyly.

Which surgical procedure is used to address midface hypoplasia in Crouzon syndrome?

Answer: Le Fort III osteotomy

Le Fort III osteotomy advances the entire midface as a unit, correcting the midface retrusion and exorbitism seen in Crouzon syndrome.