ABPS Craniofacial & Pediatric Plastic Surgery Flashcards

What is the recommended timing for primary cleft palate repair to optimize speech development?

Answer: Between 9 and 18 months of age

Cleft palate repair between 9 and 18 months allows velopharyngeal function to develop before the critical period for speech acquisition.

Pierre Robin sequence is defined by which triad of findings?

Answer: Micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate

Pierre Robin sequence classically presents with micrognathia (small jaw), glossoptosis (tongue falling back), and a U-shaped cleft palate causing airway obstruction.

Mandibular distraction osteogenesis for severe micrognathia in neonates activates bone regeneration in which phase?

Answer: Distraction phase during active lengthening

New bone forms in the distraction gap during the active distraction phase as the corticotomy segments are slowly pulled apart.

In cranial vault remodeling for unicoronal craniosynostosis, which deformity of the orbit must be specifically corrected?

Answer: Harlequin eye deformity with elevated ipsilateral orbital roof

Unicoronal synostosis produces the characteristic harlequin eye deformity—elevation and rotation of the ipsilateral orbital roof—that requires correction during fronto-orbital advancement.

Which vascular anomaly classification distinguishes hemangiomas from vascular malformations?

Answer: Mulliken and Glowacki classification

Mulliken and Glowacki's 1982 biological classification distinguishes hemangiomas (proliferating endothelial cells) from vascular malformations (structural errors with normal cell turnover).

What is the first-line medical treatment for problematic infantile hemangiomas requiring intervention?

Answer: Oral propranolol

Oral propranolol (beta-blocker) is the FDA-approved first-line treatment for infantile hemangiomas requiring systemic therapy, replacing corticosteroids.