ABOG ABOG Gynecologic Oncology & Cancer Management 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which staging system is used for cervical cancer classification in the United States?
- FIGO staging (Correct answer)
- TNM staging only
- AJCC staging only
- Clark level staging
Correct answer: FIGO staging
FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) staging is the primary system used for cervical cancer, updated in 2018 to allow imaging and pathology findings.
Question 2: What is the most common histologic type of ovarian cancer in the United States?
- High-grade serous carcinoma (Correct answer)
- Mucinous carcinoma
- Clear cell carcinoma
- Endometrioid carcinoma
Correct answer: High-grade serous carcinoma
High-grade serous carcinoma accounts for approximately 70% of all ovarian cancers and is associated with BRCA1/2 mutations.
Question 3: A 55-year-old woman presents with postmenopausal bleeding. Which is the most common cause of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women?
- Unopposed estrogen exposure (Correct answer)
- Progesterone deficiency alone
- Prior cervical dysplasia
- BRCA2 mutation
Correct answer: Unopposed estrogen exposure
Unopposed estrogen stimulation, whether endogenous (obesity) or exogenous, is the primary risk factor for Type I endometrial cancer.
Question 4: Which tumor marker is most useful for monitoring treatment response in epithelial ovarian cancer?
- CA-125 (Correct answer)
- AFP
- CEA
- Beta-hCG
Correct answer: CA-125
CA-125 is elevated in approximately 80% of epithelial ovarian cancers and is the standard marker used to monitor treatment response and detect recurrence.
Question 5: What is the recommended first-line treatment for early-stage (FIGO IA) endometrial cancer?
- Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (Correct answer)
- Radiation therapy alone
- Chemotherapy alone
- Hormonal therapy alone
Correct answer: Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TH/BSO) is the standard surgical treatment for early-stage endometrial cancer.
Question 6: Which HPV genotypes are responsible for the majority of cervical cancers?
- HPV 16 and 18 (Correct answer)
- HPV 6 and 11
- HPV 31 and 33
- HPV 45 and 52
Correct answer: HPV 16 and 18
HPV genotypes 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70% of all cervical cancers, with HPV 16 being the most oncogenic.
ABOG ABOG Gynecologic Oncology & Cancer Management 1
Which staging system is used for cervical cancer classification in the United States?