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Ocular Disease & Pathology Flashcards

7 cards from real ABO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A patient with myasthenia gravis presents with ptosis and diplopia that worsen with sustained upgaze and improve with rest. Which test is used to confirm the diagnosis at the bedside?

    Answer: Ice pack test

    Applying ice to a ptotic lid for 2 minutes reduces the ptosis in myasthenia gravis by slowing acetylcholinesterase activity at the neuromuscular junction.

  2. Haab's striae in the cornea of an infant indicate which diagnosis?

    Answer: Congenital glaucoma (buphthalmos)

    Haab's striae are breaks in Descemet's membrane caused by elevated IOP stretching the infant eye in congenital glaucoma.

  3. Which finding best differentiates wet (neovascular) AMD from dry AMD on clinical exam?

    Answer: Subretinal fluid or hemorrhage at the macula

    Subretinal fluid or hemorrhage from CNV defines wet AMD; drusen and geographic atrophy are features of dry AMD.

  4. A patient with HIV and CD4 count <50 cells/µL presents with painless progressive peripheral visual field loss and 'pizza pie' fundus appearance. The most likely diagnosis is:

    Answer: CMV retinitis

    CMV retinitis classically produces hemorrhagic, necrotizing retinitis with a 'pizza pie' or 'cottage cheese and ketchup' fundus in severely immunocompromised HIV patients.

  5. A Hollenhorst plaque (cholesterol embolus) seen at an arteriolar bifurcation is most likely to originate from which location?

    Answer: The carotid artery

    Hollenhorst plaques are cholesterol crystals that typically originate from atheromatous plaques in the ipsilateral carotid artery.

  6. Sympathetic ophthalmia is a bilateral granulomatous uveitis that develops after:

    Answer: Penetrating trauma or surgery to one eye

    Sympathetic ophthalmia is an autoimmune uveal inflammation of the fellow (sympathizing) eye following penetrating injury or intraocular surgery to the exciting eye.

  7. Which of the following is the gold standard imaging modality for detecting and monitoring glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning?

    Answer: Optical coherence tomography (OCT)

    Spectral-domain OCT provides quantitative, high-resolution cross-sectional RNFL measurements and is the gold standard for detecting structural glaucomatous damage.