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Ocular Disease & Pathology Flashcards

7 cards from real ABO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A 70-year-old diabetic patient presents with new vessels at the disc (NVD) and vitreous hemorrhage. According to ETDRS criteria, this represents which stage of diabetic retinopathy?

    Answer: High-risk proliferative DR

    NVD of any size with vitreous hemorrhage meets ETDRS high-risk proliferative DR criteria, requiring prompt pan-retinal photocoagulation.

  2. Which nerve fiber bundle is most susceptible to early damage in primary open-angle glaucoma, producing an arcuate scotoma on visual field testing?

    Answer: Superior and inferior arcuate fibers

    The superior and inferior arcuate bundles are most vulnerable to glaucomatous damage, producing arcuate (Bjerrum) scotomas.

  3. A child presents with a unilateral white pupillary reflex (leukocoria). Which of the following is the most urgent diagnosis to rule out?

    Answer: Retinoblastoma

    Retinoblastoma is a life-threatening intraocular malignancy and must be excluded first in any child with leukocoria.

  4. Pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in age-related macular degeneration is best characterized on OCT as:

    Answer: Dome-shaped elevation of the RPE off Bruch's membrane

    PED appears on OCT as a dome-shaped elevation of the RPE layer separated from Bruch's membrane by fluid or fibrovascular tissue.

  5. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) in a patient over 60 with jaw claudication and elevated ESR most suggests which underlying etiology?

    Answer: Giant cell arteritis

    Jaw claudication and elevated ESR in an elderly patient with AION strongly indicate giant cell (temporal) arteritis, a medical emergency.

  6. Which type of cataract is most characteristically associated with long-term systemic corticosteroid use?

    Answer: Posterior subcapsular cataract

    Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) are the classic steroid-induced and radiation-induced cataract type.

  7. A patient with HLA-B27 positivity, low back pain, and recurrent unilateral anterior uveitis with hypopyon most likely has which systemic condition?

    Answer: Ankylosing spondylitis

    Ankylosing spondylitis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 and causes acute recurrent unilateral anterior uveitis.