Ocular Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

The lens derives its nutrition primarily from:

Answer: The aqueous humor bathing its surfaces

The adult lens is avascular and depends entirely on the aqueous humor for nutrients such as glucose and oxygen, and for waste removal.

Which layer of the retina contains the cell bodies of bipolar cells?

Answer: Inner nuclear layer

The inner nuclear layer contains the cell bodies of bipolar, horizontal, amacrine, and Müller cells.

The cornea receives its sensory innervation from which nerve?

Answer: Nasociliary branch of CN V1

The cornea is innervated by the nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve via the long ciliary nerves.

In the visual pathway, fibers from the inferior nasal retina (representing the superior temporal visual field) decussate at the chiasm and travel in which portion of the optic tract?

Answer: Ventral optic tract

Inferior nasal retinal fibers decussate at the chiasm and travel in the ventral portion of the contralateral optic tract.

Which structure connects the ciliary body to the lens and is responsible for maintaining lens shape during accommodation?

Answer: Zonules of Zinn (zonular fibers)

The zonules of Zinn (zonular fibers) connect the ciliary body to the lens capsule and transmit ciliary muscle forces to change lens shape during accommodation.

The ora serrata is clinically significant because it marks the:

Answer: Anterior termination of the neurosensory retina

The ora serrata is the anterior boundary of the neurosensory (photoreceptor-containing) retina, where it transitions to the non-photoreceptive pars plana.

Which cells in the corneal epithelium are considered the stem cells that replenish the epithelial layer?

Answer: Limbal basal cells at the palisades of Vogt

Limbal basal cells at the palisades of Vogt are the stem cells that continuously proliferate and migrate centrally to replenish the corneal epithelium.