Ocular Disease & Pathology Flashcards
6 cards from real ABO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Ocular Disease & Pathology flashcards as text
What is the primary risk factor for open-angle glaucoma in the United States?
Answer: Elevated intraocular pressure
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary modifiable risk factor for open-angle glaucoma, though the disease can occur at normal IOP levels (normal-tension glaucoma).
Which condition is characterized by the gradual clouding of the crystalline lens?
Answer: Cataract
A cataract is the progressive opacification of the crystalline lens, typically age-related, causing decreased visual acuity, glare, and altered color perception.
Drusen deposits in the macula are a hallmark sign of which condition?
Answer: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Drusen are yellowish deposits of lipid and protein that accumulate beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and are the earliest clinical sign of age-related macular degeneration.
What visual field defect is most commonly associated with early open-angle glaucoma?
Answer: Arcuate scotoma
An arcuate (Bjerrum) scotoma following the distribution of retinal nerve fiber bundles is the classic early visual field defect in open-angle glaucoma.
Which type of diabetic retinopathy is characterized by neovascularization?
Answer: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is characterized by the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels (neovascularization) in response to retinal ischemia.
What is the gold standard test for measuring intraocular pressure?
Answer: Goldmann applanation tonometry
Goldmann applanation tonometry is considered the gold standard for IOP measurement, using the principle of applanating a fixed area of cornea (3.06mm diameter).