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Retina and Vitreous Flashcards

7 cards from real ABO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Retina and Vitreous flashcards as text

  1. A 10-year-old boy has bilateral spoke-wheel foveal schisis and an electronegative ERG. Which gene is most likely mutated?

    Answer: RS1

    X-linked juvenile retinoschisis is caused by RS1 mutations and classically shows foveal schisis with a reduced b-wave (negative ERG).

  2. Which electrophysiologic finding is most characteristic of Best vitelliform macular dystrophy?

    Answer: Arden ratio below 1.5 on EOG with a normal full-field ERG

    Best disease shows a markedly abnormal EOG (light-peak/dark-trough ratio usually below 1.5) with a normal full-field ERG.

  3. A patient on hydroxychloroquine for 6 years has parafoveal ellipsoid zone loss on OCT. Per AAO guidance, what is the recommended maximum daily dose to minimize toxicity risk?

    Answer: 5.0 mg/kg real body weight

    The 2016 AAO recommendation is 5.0 mg/kg real body weight per day or less for hydroxychloroquine.

  4. In Asian patients with hydroxychloroquine toxicity, where is retinal damage most often first detected?

    Answer: Pericentral region beyond the arcades

    Asian patients frequently show a pericentral pattern of toxicity, so screening should include wider fields such as 24-2 or 30-2.

  5. Which ERG pattern is classic for melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR)?

    Answer: Electronegative ERG resembling complete CSNB

    MAR antibodies target ON-bipolar cells, producing a negative ERG similar to complete congenital stationary night blindness.

  6. Elevated plasma ornithine with scalloped chorioretinal atrophy beginning in the midperiphery suggests which condition, and what deficient enzyme?

    Answer: Gyrate atrophy; ornithine aminotransferase

    Gyrate atrophy results from OAT deficiency and is treated in part with an arginine-restricted diet and pyridoxine in responders.

  7. A fundus showing numerous small white dots throughout the midperiphery sparing the macula, with delayed rod recovery that normalizes after prolonged dark adaptation, is most consistent with:

    Answer: Fundus albipunctatus

    Fundus albipunctatus (often RDH5) is a stationary night blindness with markedly delayed rod recovery that improves after extended dark adaptation.