Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Flashcards
6 cards from real ABO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus flashcards as text
What is the most common cause of amblyopia in children?
Answer: Strabismus
Amblyopia, or 'lazy eye,' is reduced vision in an eye that did not develop normal sight during childhood. Strabismus, a misalignment of the eyes, is the most common cause because the brain suppresses the image from the misaligned eye to avoid double vision, leading to a lack of visual stimulation and development in that eye. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving visual outcomes.
Which test is best to evaluate binocularity in young children?
Answer: Worth 4-dot test
The Worth 4-dot test is a simple and effective clinical tool used to assess a patient's binocularity, specifically the presence and degree of fusion, suppression, or diplopia. It presents four colored lights (two green, one red, one white) to each eye through red/green glasses, allowing the examiner to determine if the patient is using both eyes together or suppressing one image.
Which condition presents with a white pupillary reflex in a child?
Answer: Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children, and its classic presenting sign is leukocoria, or a white pupillary reflex. This 'cat's eye reflex' occurs when light reflects off the tumor mass within the eye. Early detection is critical for successful treatment and preservation of vision and life.
Which muscle is primarily involved in esotropia correction surgery?
Answer: Medial rectus
Esotropia is a form of strabismus where one or both eyes turn inward (converge). Surgical correction often involves weakening the medial rectus muscles, which are responsible for adducting (turning inward) the eye. By recessing (moving back) these muscles, their pulling power is reduced, allowing the eye to straighten.
What is the most appropriate initial treatment for amblyopia in a 5-year-old?
Answer: Eye patching
Amblyopia is a developmental disorder where vision in one eye is reduced because the eye and brain are not working together properly. The most appropriate initial treatment for amblyopia in a child is eye patching of the stronger eye. This forces the weaker, amblyopic eye to work harder, stimulating its visual development and improving acuity.
Which of the following is characteristic of Duane Retraction Syndrome?
Answer: Globe retraction
Duane Retraction Syndrome is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized by abnormal innervation of the extraocular muscles. Its hallmark features include limited abduction (outward movement) and/or adduction (inward movement), and a paradoxical retraction of the globe into the orbit upon attempted adduction, often accompanied by narrowing of the palpebral fissure.