ABFM Quality Control & Process Improvement 2

Question 1

Which statistical tool uses upper and lower control limits to monitor process variation over time?

Accepted Answer

Control chart (Shewhart chart)

Answer

Control charts display process data over time with control limits to distinguish common-cause from special-cause variation.

Question 2

In forensic toxicology quality control, a 'matrix-matched' calibrator is used primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Compensate for matrix effects that alter analyte signal

Answer

Matrix-matched calibrators mimic the biological specimen matrix so that ion suppression or enhancement affects calibrators and samples equally.

Question 3

A Six Sigma project team is determining defect rates. Which metric expresses defects per million opportunities (DPMO)?

Accepted Answer

Sigma level

Answer

Sigma level is directly derived from DPMO; 6 Sigma corresponds to 3.4 DPMO.

Question 4

During a forensic autopsy laboratory audit, reviewers find that case files lack documentation of chain of custody for external specimens. This finding is BEST categorized as:

Accepted Answer

Major nonconformance

Answer

Missing chain-of-custody documentation is a major nonconformance because it directly compromises specimen integrity and legal defensibility.

Question 5

Which lean principle focuses on producing only what is needed, when it is needed, in the amount needed?

Accepted Answer

Just-in-time (JIT)

Answer

Just-in-time production minimizes inventory and waste by synchronizing production with demand.

(ABFM) American Board of Forensic Medicine Certification Practice Test

(ABFM) American Board of Forensic Medicine Certification Practice Test

ABFM Quality Control & Process Improvement 2