ABFM Preventive Medicine and Health Maintenance 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to the USPSTF, at what age should average-risk adults begin colorectal cancer screening?
- 40 years
- 45 years (Correct answer)
- 50 years
- 55 years
Correct answer: 45 years
The USPSTF updated its 2021 guidelines to recommend colorectal cancer screening beginning at age 45 for average-risk adults.
Question 2: Which vaccine is recommended for all adults aged 65 and older to prevent pneumococcal disease?
- PCV13 only
- PPSV23 only
- PCV15 or PCV20 followed by PPSV23 if PCV15 is used (Correct answer)
- Neither; only high-risk adults need pneumococcal vaccine
Correct answer: PCV15 or PCV20 followed by PPSV23 if PCV15 is used
ACIP recommends PCV15 followed by PPSV23, or PCV20 alone, for pneumococcal vaccination in adults aged 65 and older.
Question 3: Which screening test does the USPSTF recommend for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in men aged 65–75?
- CT angiography for all men
- One-time abdominal ultrasound for ever-smokers (Correct answer)
- Annual abdominal ultrasound for all men
- Serum D-dimer measurement
Correct answer: One-time abdominal ultrasound for ever-smokers
USPSTF recommends a one-time abdominal ultrasound screening for AAA in men aged 65–75 who have ever smoked.
Question 4: A 35-year-old woman has a BMI of 32 kg/m². According to USPSTF guidelines, which intervention should the family physician offer?
- Prescription weight-loss medication only
- Referral for bariatric surgery
- Intensive multicomponent behavioral interventions (Correct answer)
- Annual lipid panel and lifestyle advice
Correct answer: Intensive multicomponent behavioral interventions
USPSTF recommends offering or referring adults with obesity to intensive multicomponent behavioral interventions for weight management.
Question 5: Which of the following best describes the USPSTF recommendation for lung cancer screening?
- Annual chest X-ray for all smokers aged 50+
- Annual low-dose CT for adults aged 50–80 with a 20 pack-year history who currently smoke or quit within 15 years (Correct answer)
- Biennial low-dose CT for adults over 60 who currently smoke
- Sputum cytology every 3 years for heavy smokers
Correct answer: Annual low-dose CT for adults aged 50–80 with a 20 pack-year history who currently smoke or quit within 15 years
USPSTF recommends annual low-dose CT screening for lung cancer in adults aged 50–80 with at least a 20 pack-year history who currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years.
Question 6: At what interval does the USPSTF recommend Pap smear screening for cervical cancer in women aged 21–65 who choose cytology alone?
- Annually
- Every 2 years
- Every 3 years (Correct answer)
- Every 5 years
Correct answer: Every 3 years
The USPSTF recommends Pap smear (cytology alone) every 3 years for women aged 21–65, or co-testing with cytology and HPV testing every 5 years for women aged 30–65.
Question 7: Which of the following is a Grade B USPSTF recommendation for preventive care in adults?
- Screening for thyroid cancer in asymptomatic adults
- Screening for testicular cancer in asymptomatic males
- Screening for depression in the general adult population (Correct answer)
- Routine vitamin D supplementation for adults without deficiency
Correct answer: Screening for depression in the general adult population
The USPSTF gives a Grade B recommendation for screening for depression in the general adult population when adequate systems for diagnosis and treatment are in place.
ABFM Preventive Medicine and Health Maintenance 1
According to the USPSTF, at what age should average-risk adults begin colorectal cancer screening?