ABFM Forensic Anthropology & Identification Flashcards

Which method of positive identification is considered the gold standard in forensic cases?

Answer: DNA comparison with a known reference sample

DNA comparison with an antemortem reference sample (blood relative or direct sample) is the most definitive method of positive identification.

Dental identification (forensic odontology) works by comparing what type of records?

Answer: Postmortem dental X-rays with antemortem dental records

Forensic odontology compares postmortem dental radiographs and dental charts with antemortem records to confirm identity.

When skeletal remains are commingled, what is the primary goal of the forensic anthropologist?

Answer: Identify and separate the minimum number of individuals (MNI)

In commingled remains, the forensic anthropologist works to determine the minimum number of individuals (MNI) and associate elements from the same person.

Fingerprint comparison as a means of identification requires the examiner to match friction ridge details called what?

Answer: Minutiae (ridge endings and bifurcations)

Fingerprint identification relies on matching specific minutiae — ridge endings, bifurcations, and other features — between known and unknown prints.

Which antemortem record is most useful when skeletal remains show evidence of healed surgical implants?

Answer: Medical imaging records showing implant type and placement

Medical imaging (X-rays, CT) and surgical records can document implant type, serial numbers, and placement location that match postmortem findings.

What is the purpose of facial approximation (reconstruction) in a forensic investigation?

Answer: Generate a likeness to generate investigative leads, not positive ID

Facial approximation is an investigative tool to generate public leads; it is not accepted as a method of positive identification in court.