Practice Test Geeks(ABFAS) American Board of Foot and Ankle Surgery Practice Test
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Pharmacology Fundamentals Flashcards

7 cards from real ABFAS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Pharmacology Fundamentals flashcards as text

  1. Which opioid analgesic has the highest oral bioavailability and is commonly used for moderate postoperative foot pain?

    Answer: Oxycodone

    Oxycodone has approximately 60-87% oral bioavailability, making it more reliably absorbed than morphine when given orally.

  2. A patient on warfarin requires a short course of NSAIDs for postoperative pain. Which NSAID poses the least interaction risk?

    Answer: Celecoxib

    Celecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) minimally affects platelet aggregation and has a lower risk of clinically significant INR elevation compared to non-selective NSAIDs.

  3. What is the primary mechanism by which aminoglycosides cause nephrotoxicity?

    Answer: Accumulation in proximal tubular cells causing oxidative damage

    Aminoglycosides accumulate in proximal tubular cells via megalin-mediated endocytosis, generating reactive oxygen species that cause tubular cell necrosis.

  4. Which local anesthetic has the longest duration of action and is most appropriate for postoperative nerve blocks in foot surgery?

    Answer: Bupivacaine

    Bupivacaine provides 8-12+ hours of analgesia due to its high lipid solubility and protein binding, making it ideal for postoperative nerve blocks.

  5. A diabetic patient develops a foot infection with Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (MRSA). Which antibiotic is the first-line oral option?

    Answer: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

    TMP-SMX (Bactrim) is a first-line oral agent for community-acquired MRSA soft tissue infections when susceptibility is confirmed.

  6. Which property of vancomycin requires trough-level monitoring to balance efficacy and nephrotoxicity?

    Answer: It has a narrow therapeutic index with concentration-dependent renal clearance

    Vancomycin has a narrow therapeutic window; subtherapeutic troughs lead to treatment failure while supratherapeutic levels increase nephrotoxicity risk.

  7. What is the clinical significance of adding epinephrine to a local anesthetic solution for digital nerve blocks in the toes?

    Answer: It is contraindicated due to risk of digital ischemia

    Epinephrine-containing local anesthetics are contraindicated for digital blocks in the toes due to vasoconstriction risk causing ischemia and potential necrosis of end-arterial structures.