ABFAS ABFAS Pathology and Diagnosis 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which condition is characterized by sesamoid pain beneath the first metatarsal head, often in dancers or runners?
- Hallux rigidus
- Sesamoiditis (Correct answer)
- Metatarsalgia
- Freiberg's infraction
Correct answer: Sesamoiditis
Sesamoiditis is inflammation of the sesamoid bones or surrounding structures beneath the first metatarsal head, commonly presenting in high-demand athletic patients.
Question 2: Freiberg's infraction (avascular necrosis) most commonly affects which metatarsal head?
- First
- Second (Correct answer)
- Third
- Fourth
Correct answer: Second
Freiberg's infraction most commonly affects the second metatarsal head due to its relative rigidity and repetitive stress concentration at that joint.
Question 3: Which clinical test is used to diagnose posterior tibial tendon dysfunction by assessing single-limb heel rise?
- Thompson test
- Mulder's click test
- Single-heel rise test (Correct answer)
- Drawer test
Correct answer: Single-heel rise test
The single-heel rise test assesses posterior tibial tendon function; inability to rise onto the toes on the affected limb suggests significant PTT dysfunction.
Question 4: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy of the foot is most commonly associated with which nerve fiber type loss?
- Large myelinated motor fibers only
- Small unmyelinated sensory fibers (pain and temperature) first (Correct answer)
- Autonomic fibers only
- Large proprioceptive fibers first
Correct answer: Small unmyelinated sensory fibers (pain and temperature) first
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy typically affects small unmyelinated C-fibers (pain and temperature) first, progressing to larger fibers, following a 'stocking-glove' distribution.
Question 5: Which grading system is used to classify diabetic foot ulcers by depth and presence of infection or ischemia?
- Harris classification
- Wagner grading scale (Correct answer)
- Gustilo-Anderson classification
- Eichenholtz staging
Correct answer: Wagner grading scale
The Wagner grading scale classifies diabetic foot ulcers from Grade 0 (intact skin at risk) to Grade 5 (whole-foot gangrene) based on depth, infection, and ischemia.
Question 6: Haglund's deformity refers to a bony prominence at which location?
- Medial calcaneal tuberosity
- Posterosuperior calcaneal prominence (Correct answer)
- Fifth metatarsal styloid process
- Dorsal navicular prominence
Correct answer: Posterosuperior calcaneal prominence
Haglund's deformity is a posterosuperior bony prominence of the calcaneus that can cause retrocalcaneal bursitis and insertional Achilles tendinopathy.
ABFAS ABFAS Pathology and Diagnosis 2
Which condition is characterized by sesamoid pain beneath the first metatarsal head, often in dancers or runners?