Practice Test Geeks(ABE) American Board of Endodontics Practice Test
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Regenerative Endodontics Flashcards

7 cards from real ABE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) are considered the PRIMARY source of cells for root development during regenerative endodontic procedures. Where do SCAP reside?

    Answer: In the loose connective tissue apical to the root apex in immature teeth

    SCAP are found in the apical papilla, a soft tissue mass apical to the developing root apex in immature teeth, and are thought to be the progenitor cells responsible for continued root formation.

  2. Which of the following correctly describes a KEY difference between apexification and regenerative endodontic procedures for treating necrotic immature teeth?

    Answer: Apexification creates an apical barrier without continued root development; REPs aim for continued root maturation

    Apexification (with calcium hydroxide or MTA) creates an apical stop but does not increase root length or wall thickness; REPs aim to restore a biologically active tissue and allow continued root development.

  3. MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) is placed as a cervical plug in regenerative endodontic procedures primarily to:

    Answer: Seal the coronal aspect over the scaffold and prevent bacterial leakage

    The MTA cervical plug creates a hermetic coronal seal over the blood clot/scaffold, preventing coronal microleakage that could re-infect the regenerating tissue.

  4. In the AAE-recommended REP protocol, the second appointment (scaffold induction) should ideally be scheduled at least how long after the first appointment?

    Answer: 1–4 weeks

    The AAE recommends waiting at least 1–4 weeks between disinfection and scaffold induction appointments to allow antibiotic paste to reduce bacterial load and confirm resolution of symptoms.

  5. Which growth factor found abundantly in dentin matrix plays a critical role in odontoblast differentiation and is released by EDTA conditioning during REPs?

    Answer: Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1)

    TGF-β1 is the predominant growth factor sequestered in dentin matrix and is released upon EDTA demineralization; it potently drives odontoblast differentiation and pulp-dentin complex regeneration.

  6. A patient presents with an immature maxillary central incisor that suffered a luxation injury 18 months ago. The tooth is asymptomatic but shows no response to EPT and a periapical radiolucency is present. What is the MOST appropriate initial management?

    Answer: Regenerative endodontic procedure (REP)

    A REP is the preferred first-line treatment for necrotic immature permanent teeth because it offers the possibility of continued root development and wall thickening, improving long-term prognosis over apexification alone.

  7. Which of the following is classified as an outcome category for REPs by the AAE as a 'Level 3' or best outcome?

    Answer: Increased root length AND wall thickness AND positive response to pulp testing

    Level 3 (the highest REP outcome) requires resolution of signs/symptoms, continued root development (length and wall thickness), AND positive response to sensibility testing, indicating functional pulp-like tissue.