ABCN Brain-Behavior Relationships and Neuroanatomy Flashcards

Which lobe of the brain is primarily associated with executive functions such as planning, working memory, and inhibition?

Answer: Frontal lobe

The prefrontal cortex within the frontal lobe is the primary substrate for executive functions including planning, inhibitory control, and working memory.

Broca's area, critical for expressive language production, is located in the:

Answer: Left inferior frontal gyrus

Broca's area resides in the left inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis and pars opercularis) and is essential for speech production and language formulation.

A patient presents with severe anterograde amnesia following a bilateral surgical resection. Which structure was most likely damaged?

Answer: Hippocampus

Bilateral hippocampal damage is the classic cause of severe anterograde amnesia, as illustrated by the famous patient H.M.

Which neuropsychological syndrome is characterized by inability to recognize familiar faces despite intact visual acuity?

Answer: Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia is the selective inability to recognize familiar faces and is typically associated with bilateral or right fusiform gyrus lesions.

Damage to the right parietal lobe is most commonly associated with which neuropsychological deficit?

Answer: Hemispatial neglect of the left visual field

Right parietal lobe lesions classically produce left hemispatial neglect, where patients fail to attend to stimuli in the contralesional left visual field.

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is most closely associated with which cognitive function?

Answer: Working memory and cognitive flexibility

The DLPFC is a key substrate for working memory, cognitive flexibility, and goal-directed behavior within the executive function network.