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Pharmacology Flashcards

6 cards from real AANP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which blood pressure medication class is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenicity?

    Answer: ACE inhibitors

    ACE inhibitors are teratogenic, particularly in the second and third trimesters, causing fetal renal malformations, oligohydramnios, and skull hypoplasia.

  2. What is the first-line treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in an otherwise healthy outpatient adult?

    Answer: Azithromycin or doxycycline

    IDSA/ATS guidelines recommend azithromycin or doxycycline monotherapy for healthy outpatients with CAP and no comorbidities or antibiotic use in the past 3 months.

  3. A patient on warfarin is started on rifampin. How does this affect warfarin dosing?

    Answer: Warfarin dose must be increased due to CYP induction

    Rifampin is a potent CYP450 inducer that significantly increases warfarin metabolism, reducing its anticoagulant effect and requiring a substantially higher warfarin dose.

  4. Which medication used for gout prevention requires monitoring for ocular toxicity, including retinal damage?

    Answer: Hydroxychloroquine

    Hydroxychloroquine (used for RA and lupus, sometimes related to inflammatory arthritis) can deposit in the retina, causing irreversible retinopathy with prolonged use.

  5. Which drug interaction can occur when combining an MAOI with meperidine (pethidine)?

    Answer: Serotonin syndrome, potentially fatal

    MAOIs inhibit monoamine oxidase, and meperidine blocks serotonin reuptake, causing dangerous serotonin accumulation that can lead to fatal serotonin syndrome.

  6. A patient asks about taking St. John's Wort for mild depression while on oral contraceptives. What is the key concern?

    Answer: Reduced OCP efficacy leading to potential pregnancy

    St. John's Wort induces CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, increasing the metabolism of ethinyl estradiol and progestins, thereby reducing oral contraceptive effectiveness.