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Emergency and Urgent Care Flashcards

6 cards from real AANP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Emergency and Urgent Care flashcards as text

  1. A patient with type 1 diabetes presents with Kussmaul respirations, fruity breath, nausea, and blood glucose of 480 mg/dL. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

    DKA presents with hyperglycemia, Kussmaul breathing (compensating for metabolic acidosis), fruity breath from ketones, and is more common in type 1 diabetes.

  2. Which analgesic is contraindicated in a patient with known G6PD deficiency presenting with pain?

    Answer: Aspirin in high doses causing oxidative hemolysis

    High-dose aspirin can cause oxidative hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients because it increases oxidative stress that G6PD normally protects against; acetaminophen is generally safe.

  3. A patient with a bee sting develops urticaria, throat tightness, and hypotension. What is the first-line treatment?

    Answer: Epinephrine 0.3 mg IM in the anterolateral thigh

    IM epinephrine is the life-saving first-line treatment for anaphylaxis; it reverses bronchoconstriction and vasodilation and prevents progression to cardiovascular collapse.

  4. In a patient with suspected sepsis, what intervention should be initiated within the first hour per Surviving Sepsis guidelines?

    Answer: Broad-spectrum antibiotics and 30 mL/kg IV crystalloid

    The 1-hour sepsis bundle includes blood cultures, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and 30 mL/kg IV crystalloid for hypotension or lactate ≥4, with reassessment for vasopressors.

  5. A patient presents with confusion, fever, neck stiffness, and photophobia. Lumbar puncture is planned. Which action should precede the LP?

    Answer: Obtain CT head to rule out mass effect if indicated, and do not delay antibiotics

    If bacterial meningitis is suspected, antibiotics must NOT be delayed for LP or CT; CT is obtained first only if there is concern for increased ICP (focal deficits, papilledema), and antibiotics should be started immediately.

  6. A patient is brought in after intentional overdose of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Which ECG finding is most concerning for cardiac toxicity?

    Answer: QRS widening greater than 100 ms

    TCA overdose causes sodium channel blockade leading to QRS widening; a QRS >100 ms predicts ventricular arrhythmias and >160 ms predicts ventricular fibrillation.