AAMC MCAT Biological and Biochemical Foundations 2

Question 1

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equatorial plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 2

What does the lac operon repressor do when lactose is absent?

Accepted Answer

Binds the operator and blocks transcription

Answer

Activates RNA polymerase

Answer

Degrades remaining lactose

Answer

Promotes translation of structural genes

Question 3

Which chemical bond connects nucleotides in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Peptide bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Question 4

Where does the TCA (Krebs) cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 5

What is the function of telomerase?

Accepted Answer

Extends telomeres to prevent chromosome shortening during replication

Answer

Initiates DNA replication

Answer

Repairs double-strand DNA breaks

Answer

Removes Okazaki fragment RNA primers

Question 6

Which mutation type shifts all downstream codons by inserting or deleting nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Missense mutation

Answer

Nonsense mutation

Answer

Silent mutation