AA Philosophy and Critical Thinking 2

Question 1

Which ethical theory holds that the morality of an action is determined solely by its consequences?

Accepted Answer

Consequentialism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Divine command theory

Question 2

The 'straw man' fallacy occurs when someone:

Accepted Answer

Misrepresents an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

Answer

Argues from authority

Answer

Assumes what they are trying to prove

Answer

Draws a false analogy

Question 3

In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, the prisoners in the cave represent people who:

Accepted Answer

Perceive only shadows and mistake them for reality

Answer

Achieve philosophical enlightenment

Answer

Are morally corrupt and refuse truth

Answer

Follow democratic rather than philosopher-king rule

Question 4

Which term describes a statement that is true by definition and cannot be denied without contradiction?

Accepted Answer

Analytic proposition

Answer

Synthetic proposition

Answer

Empirical claim

Answer

Contingent truth

Question 5

Aristotle's concept of the 'Golden Mean' suggests that virtue is:

Accepted Answer

The midpoint between excess and deficiency

Answer

The absolute rule that applies in all situations

Answer

A divine gift not attainable through practice

Answer

The pursuit of maximum pleasure

Question 6

The philosophical problem of the 'mind-body problem' concerns:

Accepted Answer

How mental states relate to physical brain states

Answer

Whether the mind can be studied empirically

Answer

Whether free will exists within a deterministic universe

Answer

The ethics of using the brain for artificial intelligence

Question 7

Which philosopher wrote 'Meditations on First Philosophy' and is famous for the statement 'I think, therefore I am'?

Accepted Answer

René Descartes

Answer

John Locke

Answer

David Hume

Answer

Blaise Pascal