Social Sciences Flashcards

Which research method involves systematically watching and recording behavior in its natural setting without interference?

Answer: Naturalistic observation

Naturalistic observation is a method where researchers watch subjects in their real-world environment without manipulating variables.

The term 'ethnocentrism' refers to which of the following?

Answer: Judging other cultures by the standards of one's own culture

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to judge other cultures by its standards.

In economics, a market is said to be in 'equilibrium' when:

Answer: Quantity supplied equals quantity demanded

Market equilibrium occurs at the price where the quantity consumers want to buy equals the quantity producers want to sell.

Which psychological concept describes the tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal factors while blaming failures on external ones?

Answer: Self-serving bias

Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to external circumstances.

In political science, a 'bicameral' legislature is one that:

Answer: Has two separate chambers or houses

A bicameral legislature consists of two chambers, such as the U.S. Congress with its Senate and House of Representatives.

Which sociological concept refers to the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors appropriate to their society?

Answer: Socialization

Socialization is the lifelong process through which people learn and internalize the cultural norms and values of their society.

The 'multiplier effect' in economics refers to:

Answer: How an initial change in spending leads to a larger total change in output

The multiplier effect describes how an initial injection of spending into the economy generates a larger cumulative increase in total income and output.