70-413 Exam Research & Evidence-Based Practice 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which principle of research ethics requires that participants fully understand the nature and risks of a study before agreeing to participate?
- Beneficence
- Justice
- Informed consent (Correct answer)
- Confidentiality
Correct answer: Informed consent
Informed consent requires researchers to disclose all relevant information about a study — including risks, benefits, and the right to withdraw — so participants can make a voluntary and educated decision.
Question 2: A research participant's identity is not linked to the data in any way, even by the researchers. This is an example of:
- Confidentiality
- Anonymity (Correct answer)
- Privacy
- Debriefing
Correct answer: Anonymity
Anonymity means there is no way to link any individual participant's data back to their identity, not even by the researchers, which goes beyond confidentiality.
Question 3: The Belmont Report established three core ethical principles for human subjects research. These are:
- Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence
- Respect for persons, Beneficence, Justice (Correct answer)
- Consent, Privacy, Equity
- Fidelity, Veracity, Justice
Correct answer: Respect for persons, Beneficence, Justice
The Belmont Report (1979) established Respect for Persons (autonomy), Beneficence (do good/avoid harm), and Justice (fair distribution of benefits and burdens) as foundational ethical principles.
Question 4: When disseminating research findings, a nurse researcher presents results at a regional conference. This is an example of:
- Internal evidence dissemination
- Peer-reviewed publication
- Formal dissemination (Correct answer)
- Knowledge translation
Correct answer: Formal dissemination
Presenting at a conference is a form of formal dissemination, sharing findings with a professional audience beyond the local institution, even if not peer-reviewed.
Question 5: An Institutional Review Board (IRB) primarily serves to:
- Fund clinical research projects
- Ensure research findings are statistically significant
- Protect the rights and welfare of human research participants (Correct answer)
- Publish research results in peer-reviewed journals
Correct answer: Protect the rights and welfare of human research participants
An IRB reviews research protocols to ensure they protect the rights, safety, and welfare of human participants before any study is allowed to proceed.
Question 6: A nurse notices a gap between current evidence and bedside practice on the unit. The BEST first action to promote evidence-based change is to:
- Immediately change personal practice without informing the team
- Conduct a new randomized controlled trial
- Share the evidence with colleagues and bring it to the unit's practice council (Correct answer)
- Wait for administration to mandate the change
Correct answer: Share the evidence with colleagues and bring it to the unit's practice council
Collaborating with colleagues and presenting evidence to the unit's shared governance or practice council is the appropriate first step to promote sustainable, team-based EBP change.
Question 7: Which of the following represents the highest level of translation in the knowledge-to-practice gap model?
- Awareness of new research findings
- Adoption of the evidence into local protocols
- Sustained integration of evidence into routine clinical care (Correct answer)
- Publication of original research
Correct answer: Sustained integration of evidence into routine clinical care
The highest level of knowledge translation is sustained integration, where evidence becomes embedded in routine practice and is consistently applied over time across the healthcare setting.
70-413 Exam Research & Evidence-Based Practice 5
Which principle of research ethics requires that participants fully understand the nature and risks of a study before agreeing to participate?