70-413 Exam Research & Evidence-Based Practice 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which research design is most appropriate when studying the lived experience of patients coping with a terminal diagnosis?
- Randomized controlled trial
- Phenomenological qualitative study (Correct answer)
- Cross-sectional survey
- Cohort study
Correct answer: Phenomenological qualitative study
Phenomenological qualitative research explores subjective human experiences in depth, making it ideal for understanding how individuals live with terminal illness.
Question 2: In a research study, the 'p-value' of 0.03 indicates that:
- The study has a 3% chance of being replicated
- There is a 3% probability the results occurred by chance (Correct answer)
- The effect size is small
- The confidence interval is 97%
Correct answer: There is a 3% probability the results occurred by chance
A p-value of 0.03 means there is a 3% probability that the observed results are due to random chance, suggesting statistical significance at the α=0.05 level.
Question 3: Which sampling method would best ensure representation of all age groups in a study on medication adherence?
- Convenience sampling
- Snowball sampling
- Stratified random sampling (Correct answer)
- Purposive sampling
Correct answer: Stratified random sampling
Stratified random sampling divides the population into subgroups (strata) such as age groups, then randomly samples from each, ensuring proportional representation.
Question 4: A nurse reads a study where researchers observed patient behavior without intervening. This is best classified as:
- Experimental research
- Quasi-experimental research
- Observational research (Correct answer)
- Action research
Correct answer: Observational research
Observational research involves watching and recording behaviors or outcomes without any intervention or manipulation of variables by the researcher.
Question 5: Which data collection method is most vulnerable to social desirability bias?
- Physiological measurements
- Medical record review
- Self-reported questionnaires (Correct answer)
- Blinded laboratory tests
Correct answer: Self-reported questionnaires
Self-reported questionnaires are most susceptible to social desirability bias because respondents may answer in ways they believe are more socially acceptable rather than truthfully.
Question 6: When a researcher uses the same instrument to collect data in the same way every time, this is referred to as:
- Internal validity
- Reliability (Correct answer)
- Construct validity
- Transferability
Correct answer: Reliability
Reliability refers to the consistency and repeatability of a measurement instrument or data collection procedure across time and conditions.
Question 7: A hospital administrator wants to determine whether a new hand hygiene protocol reduced infection rates over 12 months compared to the previous year. Which design best fits?
- Randomized controlled trial
- Case-control study
- Pre-post quasi-experimental design (Correct answer)
- Focus group study
Correct answer: Pre-post quasi-experimental design
A pre-post quasi-experimental design compares outcomes before and after an intervention without random assignment, which is practical for evaluating hospital protocol changes.
70-413 Exam Research & Evidence-Based Practice 2
Which research design is most appropriate when studying the lived experience of patients coping with a terminal diagnosis?