CompTIA (Operating System)
A small company's local area network has grown to the point where assigning IP addresses and other NIC parameters statically is no longer possible. What actions can a network administrator take to make network interface card configuration easier?
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server is used to automatically configure the parameters needed by a network interface card when a PC is first booted up. It provides central management of IP address allocation.
A PC has been set up as a print server that will be accessible at all times. When the computer is not in use, it should be turned off to save energy. When a print job is received, what feature of the Network Interface Card allows a shut down or sleeping PC to wake up?
When a PC is configured to use Wake-on-LAN, it will power on when a print job is being sent. There is a similar feature available for modems that allows the PC to be powered up when the modem determines a call is being received. This is Wake-On-Ring, often used when PCs are configured to receive Faxes.
A client complains that his laptop takes an excessive amount of time to boot up. You have a feeling he has a lot of processes running during startup. On a Windows 10 laptop, what utility would you use to view which processes are running?
The Task Manager utility has a Startup tab that displays the processes launched at startup and allows you to disable any process. The previous versions of Windows used MSConfig to complete this, but will now display a note instructing the user to open Task Manager instead.
A user notices that her hard drive is running out of capacity and decides to upgrade to a larger drive. She wants to delete all temporary files from her hard disk till then. What utility should she use to accomplish this?
The Disk Cleanup utility is used to delete temporary files from a hard drive. To perform Disk Cleanup, from Start, enter Disk Cleanup.
To create a new directory, a user uses the Windows command prompt. What command should you use to accomplish this?
The command to create a new directory in Windows from the command line prompt is MD (MakeDirectory) or MKDIR. Both of these commands will work the same.
A user must install Windows 10 on a laptop that previously ran Windows 7; this is a new installation, not an upgrade. Because the notebook lacks a CD/DVD drive, the user must rely on a USB flash drive to store the operating system image. Prior to loading from the flash drive, what must be done to the system?
When the system boots, it boots in the order listed in BIOS, so the thumb drive must be shown as the first device.
A user who travels broadly with her laptop should secure delicate information stored on her hard drive. To guarantee the information is secure, which feature of Windows Ultimate will permit encryption of the entire drive?
With Windows Ultimate and Enterprise editions, as well as Windows 8 and 8.1, BitLocker, allows users to encrypt the entire drive protecting the data from loss or theft.
A help desk representative is speaking with a user who is unable to connect to the Internet. You ask whether the user can see where the ethernet cable connects to the system and whether the little link integrity lamp is on. There appears to be no light anywhere near the connection, according to the user. The user double-checks that the ethernet cable's other end is inserted into a wall socket. What do you think the problem's most likely cause is?
If the link integrity indicator does not light up when the cable is plugged in, it indicates there is no connection to the remainder of the LAN.
A help desk representative is speaking with a user who can print to the network printer but not to the Internet. Which of the following factors could be the issue?
If the default gateway goes down, it would not affect the local area network so he would be able to print. However, if the default gateway went down, users would not be able to access the Internet.
At the command prompt, an IT analyst is troubleshooting a network problem and types a command that displays information about the IP address, port number, and connectivity status. What was the IT analyst's command?
The command netstat is used to display information about the current state of network connections. This is a helpful troubleshooting tool to aid any IT support team for a variety of issues, and certainly network issues in particular.
A user discovers an old empty directory that is no longer in use while working in command line mode. What command would he use to remove the directory?
To erase a directory, the command is RD; RMDIR will do the same.
Mary is having trouble connecting to the Internet. She runs ipconfig into a command prompt and discovers that her IP address is 169.254.17.200, which is not on her network. What is the most likely cause of the issue?
When she powered on her computer, it should connect to the DHCP server to acquire an IP address. If the DHCP server is down, her system will assign itself an APIPA address in the range of 169.254.0.1 through 169.254.255.254, then sends a broadcast to ensure no other PC is currently using that address. Unfortunately, the address 169.254.17.200 that her system randomly chose is not on her network so she will not be able to communicate.
On his Windows computer, a user is continuously receiving error notifications related to the hard disk. What command-line tool would he use to check the drive's integrity?
The system tool used to verify disk integrity is chkdsk which is run from the system command prompt. When run with no parameters set, it will simply display the disk status, if the /r option is added to the command, chkdsk will locate bad sectors and attempt to recover lost data.
You're working on a computer that won't start up properly. What utility gives you a command-line interface to debug the system?
Enter the Recovery Console by pressing F8 during bootup, select the option to Repair your computer, enter your username and password, then choose the option Command Prompt.
A network is protected by a firewall. To allow SSH access, what port number would you access?
SSH (Secure Shell) uses port number 22.
On Debian-based Linux systems, what command allows users to install new software packages?
The command apt-get allows a simple way to add new software packages to a Linux system. Note: The latest research indicates that apt-get is not depreciated and is still used in operations like scripting.
A customer calls the helpdesk to ask what command she should use to retrieve a list of the files and subdirectories in the directory she is currently working on, as well as their attributes. She says she's using Linux and is in the middle of a terminal session. You should instruct her to utilize the command ____.
The command ls gives a listing of a directory (folder); the option -l gives a long listing, which includes attributes of files and folders.
What is the Linux command to create a new directory (folder) from the command line?
The commands md and mkdir allow users to create new directories from the command line. While Windows may utilize both commands, Linux distributions only make use of the mkdir command to create new directories.
On a Linux system, a user calls the helpdesk and asks for a simple way for backing up multiple large folders. What command allows users to compress and backup large directories?
The command tar has a large number of available options, and the most common would be -c, -z, -v, and -f (the command tar -czvf archive.tar.gzip /path_to_files). Command option -c is to create an archive, -z is to compress the archive, -v is to display the process (run in verbose mode), and -f is to specify the filename of the archive (archive.tar.gzip).
What Mac OS X features would you utilize to perform first aid, partition a disk, and other disk maintenance functions?
From Disk Utility, you can run first aid, partition, erase, and unmount a disk as well as obtain information relating to the drive.
Which of these is a Mac OS X function that, when enabled, will perform hourly backups for a period of 24 hours?
Enabling Time Machine requires using an external storage media, such as an external hard drive or Time Capsule. When enabled, it will perform incremental or historical backups in this manner: hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and weekly backups for all previous months. It’s also important to note that the oldest backups are deleted when your storage becomes full.
What is the Mac OS X program for managing application updates?
The App Store allows users to manage updates and set up automatic installation of updates for the apps installed on your Mac. For updates pertaining to the OS, these can be found by going to the Apple Menu ==> System Preferences ==> Software Updates.
You are responsible for maintaining a large number of distant users on the business network as a system administrator. What protocol would you use to connect to remote user workstations in order to help with the native OS interface?
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) provides the ability to remotely log in to computers to support remote users, among other uses. Once connected, this presents you with the same screen that a user would see on their end. While you can connect to remote systems with Telnet and SSH, these options will only connect you to a command line or shell, not the default user interface of someone’s PC.
As a system administrator, you're in charge of maintaining a number of distant systems on the company's network. You'll use the Remote Desktop Protocol to help users with any system problems they might have. This protocol uses what port number?
RDP used port 3389, and at each end, the firewall must be adjusted to allow access through that port.
A user moves down two directories in command line mode to inspect the contents of a subdirectory. What command would she use to go back to two directories from the start?
The command CD (Change Directory) .. (two dots) means the directory above, so ../.. would move you up two directories.
