Vision and Ophthalmology Pharmacology and Medications 3

Question 1

Which systemic medication is associated with corneal and retinal deposits visible on slit-lamp examination?

Accepted Answer

Amiodarone

Answer

Amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic, accumulates in corneal epithelium (verticillata) and rarely causes optic neuropathy; drug deposits are nearly universal but usually asymptomatic.

Question 2

Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) toxicity most commonly affects which ocular structure?

Accepted Answer

Macula (retinal toxicity causing bull's eye maculopathy)

Answer

Hydroxychloroquine accumulates in the RPE and photoreceptors, causing irreversible parafoveal retinal toxicity — hence the need for regular OCT and visual field monitoring.

Question 3

Oral acetazolamide (Diamox) reduces IOP by which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body, reducing aqueous production

Answer

Acetazolamide, a systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, reduces IOP by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body epithelium, dramatically decreasing aqueous secretion.

Question 4

Dilute pilocarpine 0.1% is used diagnostically for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Adie's tonic pupil (supersensitivity denervation response)

Answer

Adie's tonic pupil shows denervation supersensitivity to dilute pilocarpine (0.1%), constricting abnormally, while a normal pupil shows minimal response.

Question 5

Cocaine eye drops, used in the diagnosis of Horner syndrome, work by:

Accepted Answer

Blocking norepinephrine reuptake, causing dilation only if sympathetic innervation is intact

Answer

Cocaine blocks presynaptic norepinephrine reuptake; a normal eye dilates (intact sympathetics release NE) while a Horner eye fails to dilate (disrupted sympathetic chain).

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Practice Test

Vision and Ophthalmology Pharmacology and Medications 3