MCAT (Chemical and Physical Foundations)

Question 1

While investigating mining samples off the coast of Columbia, a scientist discovers an element that has never been detected by humans. The molecule possesses an electronegativity similar to iron, according to extensive testing (Fe). What would the following values be regarding magnesium if the characteristics of this element were found to be consistent with iron? Make
 use of the periodic table as a guide.

Accepted Answer

Increased electronegativity, increased ionization energy, decreased atomic radius

Answer

Increased electronegativity, decreased ionization energy, decreased atomic radius

Answer

Decreased electronegativity, decreased ionization energy, decreased atomic radius

Answer

Decreased electronegativity, increased ionization energy, increased atomic radius

Question 2

How many grams of carbon dioxide would arise from a reaction with 84 grams of ethane and infinite oxygen (Carbon atomic weight: 12amu, Hydrogen atomic weight: 1amu, Oxygen atomic weight: 16amu) using this formula?
The following is the imbalanced ethane gas reaction with carbon dioxide and water:
CO2 + H2O (C2H4 + O2)

Accepted Answer

264g

Answer

528g

Answer

156g

Answer

78g

Question 3

The equation below explains how ammonia is produced:

Accepted Answer

Increasing pressure

Answer

Increasing the amount of ammonia (NH3)

Answer

Increasing temperature

Answer

Decreasing the amount of hydrogen

Answer

Decreasing pressure

Question 4

On a flat track with a ramp at the finish, a race car attempts to leap a string of eight buses. Engineers working on the project 
concluded that the car needed achieve a speed of 130 km/h in order to leap the buses. What rate must the car accelerate to 
obtain this velocity if the track distance is 50m?

Accepted Answer

13 m/s^2

Answer

17 m/s^2

Answer

26 m/s^2

Answer

7 m/s^2

Question 5

A nozzle is always attached to the end of a fire hose, which works in part by reducing the area of water exiting the fire hydrant 
to create a more powerful stream. What is the final velocity of water as it exits a fire hydrant if the initial velocity is 2 m/s, pressure
 is held constant, and the end of the nozzle is 1/3 the area of the start of the hose?

Accepted Answer

6 m/s

Answer

2 m/s

Answer

8 m/s

Answer

5 m/s

Question 6

For this chemical, which of the following would be the correct nomenclature?
Under spectroscopy, a laboratory-made chemical was discovered to contain the following structure:

Accepted Answer

4,6-diethyl-2-methyloctane

Answer

4,6-diethyl-2-methylheptane

Answer

1-methyl-3,5-diethylhexane

Answer

1-methyl-3,5-diethyloctane

Question 7

How would this compound be labeled correctly using nomenclature rules?
After successfully synthesizing their drug, the same scientist employed a more sophisticated process that used bromine. She was left with the following structure after the response was finished:

Accepted Answer

6-bromo-4-ethyl-3,5-decadiene

Answer

5-bromo-7-ethyl-5-didecene

Answer

5-bromo-7-ethyl-5,7-decadiene

Answer

6-bromo-4-ethyl-decadiene

Question 8

In the laboratory, a transmembrane protein is discovered to be made up of four distinct amino acids in various amounts. Glycine,
 tyrosine, arginine, and isoleucine are the most common amino acids. Which amino acid is most likely to be found within the 
transmembrane domain?

Accepted Answer

Isoleucine

Answer

Arginine

Answer

Glycine

Answer

Tyrosine

Question 9

A new enzyme is found in a transgenic mice that participates in synthesis of an unknown product using two reactants. 
When using radiolabeled compounds to study the enzyme, it is found that the enzyme catalyzes a process that switches 
a nitrogen group on one reactant to the other reactant. Which of the following categories would this new enzyme fall under?

Accepted Answer

Transferase

Answer

Oxidoreductase

Answer

Lyase

Answer

Isomerase

Answer

Hydrolase

Question 10

On the third day of an evolution symposium, two scientists take the stage to debate their beliefs. Each is a passionate follower 
of their respective philosophy. According to the first scientist, organisms evolved by increasing the number of organs that were 
employed the most at the time. They'd then pass them down to future generations. The second scientist, on the other hand, 
believed that each organism's advantages were absent for a long time, then appeared at random, and when they were helpful, 
that organism would swiftly populate the population over a short period of time, according to evolution. Which of the following
 statements would support the argument of the second scientist?

Accepted Answer

A taxonomy study that shows long periods of stagnant growth followed by short burst of massive evolution.

Answer

A study that showed a species who were more successful due to the things they learned over their lifetime that they passed on to their children.

Answer

A study that shows that bodybuilders who train more have larger children.

Answer

A study that showed a consistent amount of time between the emergence of each new species.