מבחן תרגול מדעי TEAS 2
Which of the following best describes the process by which air is inhaled into the respiratory system of a human?
To drive the air out of the lungs during exhalation, the air pressure in the lungs must rise above the atmospheric pressure. The diaphragm opens up and relaxes in order to raise pleural pressure.
In which of the following structures of the mammalian digestive system is it most likely that nutrients will be absorbed?
Food is ingested through the mouth, where it is masticated (chewed) and starts to break down due to salivary amylase. The meal, which is now referred to as the "bolus," is swallowed by the trachea-covering cartilaginous flap known as the epiglottis, and is subsequently moved to the stomach by esophageal muscular contractions. The stomach is where the bolus undergoes most of its chemical digestion, liquefying it into chyme that is then sent to the duodenum of the small intestine. The majority of nutritional absorption happens in the duodenum of the small intestine.
What type of cells result from mitosis?
Mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells that have the same genetic material as the original mother cell.
In a vacuum, why doesn’t an elephant accelerate faster than a penny as it falls to the ground?
More massive objects will only free-fall faster than smaller objects if there is a significant amount of air resistance present. For a penny and an elephant that are free-falling in a vacuum, the rate of acceleration would be the same, so both would fall at the acceleration due to gravity which is 9.8m/s2.
The presence of which hormone would NOT cause an increase in water retention?
ANP, or Atrial Natiuretic Peptide is a hormone released in response to increased blood volume and pressure that produces vasodilation. As a consequence of this vasodilation, the excretion of both sodium and water increases in order to return to the homeostatic conditions prior to increased blood volume and pressure. Because excretion of water increases, ANP causes a decrease in water retention and not an increase.
What type of bond between the complementary bases of DNA stabilizes the double helix structure?
Hydrogen bonds form between the bases to stabilize the double helix structure of DNA.
Which of the following describes the flow of oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
Through the mouth, food enters the digestive tract where it is masticated (chewed) and starts to break down due to salivary amylase. The meal, which is now referred to as the "bolus," is swallowed with the help of the epiglottis, a cartilaginous flap that closes over the trachea, and is subsequently moved to the stomach by esophageal muscular contractions. The bolus is mostly chemically digested in the stomach, where it is liquefied into chyme and then transferred to the duodenum of the small intestine. Most nutrient absorption takes place in the duodenum of the small intestine.
Which of the following statements is true regarding trophic levels?
There is always a decrease in the amount of energy transferred from lower trophic levels to higher trophic levels. In general, the higher the trophic level of the consumer, the less overall available energy. Primary consumers have more energy available than both secondary and tertiary consumers.
In a lab experiment designed to test the rate at which plants grow under artificial light, the kind of light used is which type of variable?
In an experiment, an “independent variable” is a factor controlled by the scientists. A "dependent variable" represents the output or effect. Since the light is controlled by the experimenters, it is an independent variable.
Cheetahs, rainbow trout, and inchworms belong to the same
All three animals belong to the same kingdom of Animalia, but are too different to be classed in the same phylum. Cheetahs and rainbow trout are in the Chordata phylum, while inchworms are in Arthropoda phylum.
Which of the following best describes the order in which an inflammatory reaction takes place?
I. Phagocytes are drawn to the area that is injured.
II. Blood vessels start to leak.
III. Histamine is released by damaged cells.
IV. Pus starts to develop.
Damaged cells generate chemical signals that draw white blood cells to the affected location during an inflammatory reaction. The most common cause of these symptoms is histamines, which render the capillaries in the area "leaky" or permeable, allowing phagocytic white blood cells to leave the blood vessel and travel to the damaged area to consume any dead cells or debris that has entered the area.
Why does the human eye perceive a red colored dress as the color red?
When light hits an object, the object absorbs some of the light and reflects the rest of it. The wavelengths that are reflected determine how our eye perceives the color. We see a red dress as “red” because those wavelengths are reflected and not absorbed.
Which of the following subatomic particles are found inside of an atom’s nucleus?
While the entirety of an atom’s nucleus contains neutrons, protons, and electrons, only the neutrons and protons are found inside of the nucleus. Electrons exist as a cloud surrounding the nucleus and thus are not found inside it.
The graph above records the death rate of two types of male flies a certain number of days after a chemical pesticide is sprayed. What is the probability a male methuselah fly will be alive 75 days after exposure to the pesticide?
On the x-axis, 75 days corresponds to roughly 20% on the y-axis. Since about 20% of the methuselah flies survive after 75 days, the probability of one fly’s survival is 1/5.
What would this diagram be useful for?
The chart is not specific to any particular disease. Since it starts with “exposure” and ends with three phrases that all use the word “transmission,” the diagram is logically used to determine whether exposure to disease will lead to disease transmission.
Which of the following best describes the movement of an action potential along a neuron's axon?
There are bare, unmyelinated areas in the axon's myelin sheath. Nodes of Ranvier are the name given to these areas. The electrical impulse "jumps" from node to node when an action potential extends down an axon.
Which train described below would have the greatest momentum?
The momentum of an object is equal to the mass of the object times the velocity of the object. The largest momentum from these choices comes from 9500 x 200 = 1.9 million.
Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism, mood, and growth?
The endocrine system is the collection of glands that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood, among other things. Also ‘Regulating’ is a big hint in this problem.
Which of the following is thought to have played a role in the decline in newborn mortality in developed nations?
Infant mortality has declined in most industrialized nations as a result of giving women access to better education and birth control options.
What type of correlation is presented between price and quality?
Although the correlation is not strong, it appears that the price increases as the quality increases. This describes a weak direct correlation.