Free Professional School Counselor Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following types of conduct best describes a marketing character, according to Erich Fromm?
- Obsessing about death
- Believing one's self to be property (Correct answer)
- Taking advantage of others
- Giving back to one's community
Correct answer: Believing one's self to be property
According to Erich Fromm, the 'marketing character' views themselves and others as commodities to be bought and sold in the social and economic marketplace. This character's self-worth is based on their exchange value, leading to a feeling of being property that must constantly adapt and present itself to be desirable. They believe their value comes from external validation rather than intrinsic qualities.
Question 2: What does the term "congruence" mean in humanistic theory?
- When our actions match our beliefs
- When we value the reward of certain behavior
- The overlap between the real self and the ideal self (Correct answer)
- When our self-identity matches our social identity
Correct answer: The overlap between the real self and the ideal self
In Carl Rogers' humanistic theory, congruence refers to a state of consistency and alignment between an individual's ideal self (who they aspire to be) and their real self (who they actually are). When there is a significant overlap between these two aspects, a person experiences psychological well-being and authenticity. This alignment is crucial for personal growth and self-actualization.
Question 3: Which of the following is not a shared trait between certification and licensing?
- Reliance on tests to determine whether or not the applicant has met standards
- Are both protections for the public from unqualified and untrained practitioners
- Requiring applicants to meet specific requirements in terms of education and training
- Is a legal designation, with a clear set of requirements for each vocation (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Is a legal designation, with a clear set of requirements for each vocation
Licensing is a legal designation granted by a governmental agency, making it unlawful to practice a profession without it, thus having a clear set of legal requirements for each vocation. Certification, while also requiring standards and often tests, is typically a voluntary professional recognition granted by a non-governmental body. It does not inherently carry the same legal mandate to practice as a license.
Question 4: What does being recognized by a certain agency as having satisfied its minimum standards entail?
- Certification (Correct answer)
- Licensure
- Training
- Credential
Correct answer: Certification
Certification is the process by which a non-governmental agency or association grants recognition to an individual who has met predetermined qualifications. This recognition signifies that the individual has satisfied specific minimum standards of knowledge, skill, or competence in a particular field. It is a professional acknowledgment of achievement.
Question 5: Which type of parenting involves parents who have no clear expectations for their children's behavior, who tolerate all behavior, and who give in to their requests?
- Indulgent (Correct answer)
- Neglecting
- Authoritative
- Authoritarian
Correct answer: Indulgent
Indulgent parenting, also known as permissive parenting, is characterized by high responsiveness but low demands. These parents are warm and nurturing but set few rules, rarely discipline, and tend to give in to their children's requests. This style often results in children who lack self-discipline and may struggle with authority.
Question 6: Which of the following will pre-linguistically developing children do using language?
- Show needs with complete, simple sentences
- Utter single-word responses to questions
- Make sounds without forming words (Correct answer)
- Convey emotions in two-word statements
Correct answer: Make sounds without forming words
Pre-linguistic development refers to the stages of language acquisition before a child begins to use actual words. During this period, infants primarily communicate through sounds like cooing, babbling, and crying, without forming meaningful words or sentences. These vocalizations are crucial precursors to later language development.
Question 7: What effect do "I" words have on the mediated resolution of conflict?
- They encourage those in mediation to attribute thoughts and feelings to others.
- They often provoke increased conflict.
- They shift the blame from the person causing the conflict to the victim associated with the conflict.
- They allow for those with conflict to evaluate their feelings and/or experiences. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: They allow for those with conflict to evaluate their feelings and/or experiences.
Using 'I' words, or 'I' statements, in conflict resolution helps individuals express their personal feelings, thoughts, and experiences without assigning blame to others. This approach encourages self-reflection and allows each party to articulate their perspective constructively. By focusing on one's own feelings, it fosters understanding and reduces defensiveness, facilitating a more productive dialogue.
Free Professional School Counselor Questions and Answers
Which of the following types of conduct best describes a marketing character, according to Erich Fromm?