FREE OSCE MCQ Questions and Answers
Which of the following does not fall within the ABCDE method of patient assessment in an emergency?
The ABCDE strategy is a methodical manner to evaluate and treat a patient in an emergency. Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure are its initials. Although it might be done as part of the evaluation of each component, examination is not included in the acronym.
What causes upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) the most frequently?
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is most frequently caused by peptic ulcer disease, which accounts for 50–5 cases. Peptic ulcers are erosions in the lining of the stomach or duodenum brought on by a variety of conditions, including Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID use, stress, alcohol consumption, smoking, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Hematemesis (bloody vomiting) or melena can result from peptic ulcers bleeding when they erode into a blood artery (black, tarry stools).
What is the best course of treatment for someone who has suspected anaphylaxis?
A severe, perhaps fatal allergic reaction called anaphylaxis calls for prompt medical attention. Administering intramuscular adrenaline, often known as epinephrine, into the anterolateral side of the thigh is the first line of treatment for anaphylaxis. Histamine and other mediators that result in bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, hypotension, and tissue edema are counteracted by adrenaline. Because it may be administered more readily by non-medical persons and has a lesser risk of side effects than intravenous injection, intramuscular injection is favored.
What kind of stroke occurs most frequently?
About 85% of all strokes are ischemic strokes, making it the most frequent form. Ischemic stroke happens when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel that carries blood to the brain, decreasing the amount of blood and oxygen reaching the brain tissue. This may result in the death of brain cells and lasting brain damage. The signs of an ischemic stroke vary depending on which part of the brain is affected, but they can include sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body, confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding, sudden difficulty seeing out of one or both eyes, sudden difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or a sudden, severe headache with no apparent cause.
What causes community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) the most frequently?
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), accounting for 40-60% of cases. CAP is an infection of the lungs that occurs in people who have not been hospitalized or living in a long-term care facility in the past 14 days. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive bacterium that can colonize the upper respiratory tract and invade the lower respiratory tract, causing inflammation and damage to the alveoli. The symptoms of CAP include fever, cough, sputum production, chest pain, dyspnea, and pleural effusion
What kind of skin cancer occurs most frequently?
Approximately 80% of all skin malignancies are basal cell carcinomas, making it the most prevalent type of skin cancer. The basal layer of the epidermis or hair follicles are the origin of basal cell carcinoma, which typically grows slowly and locally. Although basal cell carcinoma seldom metastasizes, if ignored, it can result in severe tissue loss and deformity. Fair skin, sun exposure, radiation therapy, immunosuppression, and hereditary abnormalities like Gorlin syndrome are among the risk factors for basal cell carcinoma. Depending on the subtype, basal cell carcinoma symptoms can include a pearly or translucent nodule, a flat or scaly area, an open sore that won't go away, or a scar-like lesion.
What causes acute pancreatitis most frequently?
Acute pancreatitis is most frequently caused by gallstones, accounting for 35–40% of cases. Acute pancreatitis is a sudden pancreatic inflammation that often goes away with therapy in a few days. The common bile duct, which connects the gallbladder and the pancreas, can get blocked by gallstones, which are hardened deposits of bile that can develop in the gallbladder. The pancreas becomes inflamed and painful as a result of the bile and digestive enzymes backing up there. Severe upper abdomen discomfort that spreads to the back, nausea, vomiting, fever, and increased blood levels of amylase and lipase are all signs of acute pancreatitis.
What kind of headache is more common?
About 70% of people get tension-type headaches, which are the most prevalent variety. The symptoms of a tension-type headache include a dull, non-pulsating pain that radiates to both sides of the head and is frequently compared to a tight band or pressure on top of the head. Usually mild to moderate, the discomfort does not get worse while you move around. Unknown factors that contribute to tension-type headaches include stress, tight muscles, bad posture, dehydration, and lack of sleep. Over-the-counter medicines, relaxation techniques, massage, acupuncture, or preventive medications in chronic cases are some of the ways that tension-type headaches are treated.
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What causes urinary tract infections (UTIs) most frequently?
(E.coli) is the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), accounting for 80-90% of cases, UTI is an infection of any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. E.coli is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the gastrointestinal tract, but can sometimes enter the urinary tract through the urethra. This can cause inflammation and pain in the lower abdomen, a burning sensation when urinating, frequent and urgent urination, cloudy or bloody urine, fever, and nausea. The treatment of UTI usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria and prevent complications.
What kind of arthritis is the most prevalent?
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent kind of arthritis. It is a degenerative joint disease that manifests as pain and stiffness as the cartilage that protects the ends of your bones in your joints gradually deteriorates. Although it can affect any joint, the hands, knees, hips, and spine are the most frequently affected. Although osteoarthritis affects elderly people more frequently, it can also affect younger people who have overused or injured their joints.
What causes severe gastroenteritis in children the most frequently?
Rotavirus is the most typical cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. It is a virus that spreads through contaminated food, water, or surfaces and is very contagious. Diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain are symptoms. The virus can be avoided by getting vaccinated.