FREE IB Biology Questions and Answers
The existence of ________ in plant cells sets them apart from animal ones.
Animal cells simply have a cell membrane around them, whereas plant cells have a cell membrane and a strong outer cell wall.
Animal and plant cells share a striking similarity in composition. Animal cells are often circular, whereas plant cells are more often rectangular since they have a hard wall. The presence of the chloroplast in plant cells and the centriole in animal cells are two more significant distinctions between plant and animal cells.
In an experiment, helminthes infection was given to mice, and population shifts were tracked. It was discovered that as mice got worse, their numbers fell. This connection is an illustration of ________.
The mice suffered as a result of the helminthes' success, creating a parasitic connection.
When one creature gains an advantage at the expense of another, this is called parasitism in a connection between organisms. Comparable to mutualism and commensalism, this is different. One organism thrives in commensalism with no adverse or beneficial effects on the other. Both organisms profit from the partnership in a mutualistic system.
It is known as _________ when genetic material is transferred between a pair of chromosomes.
The movement of genetic material between nearby chromosomes is known as translocation or crossing-over.
When chromosomes are close to one another during prophase I of meiosis, translocation reactions might happen. Translocations are the cause of numerous genetic abnormalities and diseases, making them extremely harmful to life.
Blood typing is frequently used to establish biological paternity. X, Y, and Z are three males that could be the fathers of a child who has a blood type B. The mother's blood type is O, according to a blood test. Which blood type must a potential father have in order to rule them out as a parent?
The child must receive the B blood antigen and blood type from its father if the mother's blood type is O. In this case, the father's blood type must be B or AB.
Both parents contribute to blood type. O blood type is co-dominant with A and B blood types. As a result, if one parent has blood type O, the child will only acquire that parent's blood type. In this case, if the infant had blood type A instead of B, the father would need to be of blood type A or AB.
A DNA mutation known as a ___________ alters the DNA sequence but does not modify the amino acids in a protein.
The sequence of amino acids in a corresponding protein is unaffected by a silent mutation in DNA.
Silent mutations result in changes to the DNA sequence but not to the protein that is produced. The level of redundancy in the mRNA code is the cause of this. A mutation in DNA does not always result in a change in the sequence of proteins because most amino acids can be transcribed by more than one codon.
The location of protein synthesis is which of the following?
Ribosomes carry out translation, which is the process by which mRNA code is translated into protein.
The RNA and protein complexes known as ribosomes are found in the cell nucleus. Both the assembling of the individual amino acids into a peptide change that becomes a protein and the translation of the mRNA code into amino acids are catalyzed by ribosomes.
Which of the following best describes how a fertilized egg develops?
In human beings, this is how fertilized eggs develop.
The egg and sperm combine to form a single, diploid cell known as the zygote. The zygote subsequently splits via mitosis, resulting in the formation of the morula, a solid ball of developing cells.
The blastula is created as this ball continues to develop into a more ordered state. The embryo is formed as the blastula's inner core cells continue to grow. A learner can quickly rule out three of the options by simply recalling that the zygote is the first stage and the embryo is the last step.
A researcher is looking into how the qualities of eye color and hair color, which are encoded by two distinct genes, are inherited. Green eyes are subordinate to brown eyes, while brunette hair is preferred to blond hair. What is the odds that a child will be born with green eyes and blond hair if parent A is homozygous for both brown eyes and brunette hair and parent B is heterozygous for both brown eye color and brunette hair?
An F1 offspring in this situation cannot have blonde hair and green eyes.
Any baby will undoubtedly acquire at least one copy of the genes for brown eyes and brunette hair from Parent A, according to Punnett Square. Only when qualities are inherited from both parents do they manifest in the progeny. It is only possible for children of these parents to have homozygous or heterozygous brown eyes and brunette hair.
Which two different types of chemicals are involved in translation?
Using mRNA as a template, translation is the process that results in proteins.
Each three-nucleotide sequence known as a codon in translation corresponds to a specific amino acid or to a signal that initiates or terminates translation.
Which of the groups below has the fewest species, out of the following?
Only species come after genus as the sixth level of classification.
The order of kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, and species is used to classify organisms. Only general characteristics unite creatures at the top of the classification. For instance, the fact that all members of the Kingdom Animalia are eukaryotes sets them apart from bacteria. There are fewer species at each level of the classification system as a result of the increasing degree of similarity between organisms.
Which of the following is not a part of the endocrine system?
The hormone testosterone is created and secreted by the testes.
An organ that creates and secretes hormones into the bloodstream is an endocrine gland. Exocrine glands, like the salivary gland, are the opposite. Substances are secreted into ducts by the salivary gland. Although the heart, liver, and lungs are all vital organs for maintaining life, none produce hormones into the blood.