FREE Family Nurse Practitioner Skill Questions and Answers
Which of the following is true when trying to determine the difference between pulmonary and cardiac causes of dyspnea on exertion?
Clients with severe cardiac dyspnea have a higher volume of respiration than normal at all levels of exercise, and they experience dyspnea sooner after beginning the exertion.
Place the tips of your first two fingers in front of each ear and ask the patient to open and close his mouth in order to assess him. Next, check to see if the mandible moves smoothly by placing your fingers into the depressed area over the joint. By doing this, you are trying to ensure _____.
Ask him to open and close his mouth by placing the tips of your first two fingers in front of his ears. Then, place your fingers into the depressed area over the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and examine the mandible for smooth motion. You are checking for TMJ syndrome with this action. TMJ syndrome can be identified by clicking or popping sounds, decreased range of motion, pain, or swelling. Many normal people, however, experience an audible and palpable snap or click as they open their mouths. This may indicate osteoarthritis in rare cases.
An important point to emphasize when teaching Janice, age 77, to use a cane due to osteoarthritis of her left knee, is ______.
The cane should be advanced with the ipsilateral (affected) leg, held in the contralateral hand, and its length should be equal to the height of the greater trochanter.
Congestive heart failure has recently been diagnosed in Greg, age 68. (CHF). Which medicine should be stopped for him?
When a patient gets CHF, calcium channel blockers like nifedipine (Procardia XL) and the majority of antiarrhythmic drugs should be stopped because both of these drug types are significant contributors to heart failure worsening.
Angelo, age 35, says he recently returned from a business trip and feels strange pressure in his ear, therefore he believes he has an ear infection. Your barotrauma diagnosis. What will you do next?
Nasal steroids and oral decongestants may provide relief from the symptoms of barotrauma of the auditory canal, which occurs as a sensation of abnormal middle ear pressure. There is no illness present; instead, the airways are swollen, which results in an unusual pressure sensation.
What breath sound results when the inspiratory rate equals the expiratory rate?
The inspiratory and expiratory rates are equal in bronchovesicular breath sounds. Bronchial breath sounds have a shorter inspiratory rate than expiratory rate; The inspiratory rate is greater than the expiratory rate for vesicular breath sounds. Tracheal breath sounds have a shorter inspiratory rate than expiratory.
What is Goodpasture syndrome?
The kidneys and the lungs are two of the organs that can be affected by Goodpasture syndrome, a rare autoimmune disorder. Glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage are symptoms caused by immune complex damage to the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes.
In parasite infections, hypersensitivity reactions, and autoimmune diseases, which white blood cell type is elevated?
In parasitic infections, hypersensitivity reactions, and autoimmune disorders, eosinophils are elevated. Acute infections, the stress response, myelocytic leukemia, and inflammatory or metabolic disorders all cause an increase in neutrophils. A splenectomy, hypersensitivity responses, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chickenpox, smallpox, and hypothyroidism are all associated with an increase in basophils. Chronic inflammatory disorders, tuberculosis, viral infections, leukemia, Hodgkin disease, and multiple myeloma all cause an increase in monocytes.
Which serotypes of human papillomavirus cause cancer most often?
Since HPV 16 and 18 are responsible for about 75% of cervical cancers, they are considered high-risk HPV strains.
Leo, a 22-year-old stock boy, is experiencing severe low back pain. If the nurse practitioner prescribes an NSAID, the patient should be taught about which of the following?
Getting back to normal activity within the bounds of the pain has the same or even better effect than staying in bed for two days. Starting an endurance and stamina-building exercise program as soon as possible after an acute injury is recommended, with consideration given to the individual's pain tolerance.
Which patient would you recommend getting the HPV vaccine for?
Immunocompromised or breastfeeding women are eligible for the vaccination. In addition, it is advised for females between the ages of 9 and 25 regardless of whether they have had sexual activity, a history of genital warts, a positive HPV test, or an abnormal Pap test.
A female patient, age 25, presents to your primary care clinic 18 days after being involved in a car accident, reporting that she has been having trouble focusing on her graduate studies. Due to a concussion and broken ribs, she was hospitalized for one day. Her car was totally destroyed. She is terrified of driving. She also wakes up in the middle of the night with nightmares about getting into a car accident. What is the patient's condition?
The patient has acute stress disorder as a result of her car accident, as she has post-traumatic stress symptoms within 30 days of the accident.
When teaching smokers about using nicotine gum to help them quit smoking, advise them to _____.
To get the full benefit of nicotine, a piece is chewed briefly until the peppery taste of nicotine is released, and then "parked" between the gums and buccal mucosa.
What statement about mitral regurgitation is correct?
The first heart sound signals the beginning of regurgitant backflow because ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure at the start of systole (S1). If the ventricular pressure at the end of systole surpasses the atrial pressure, the regurgitant murmur continues until the second heart sound (S2). On auscultation, the regurgitant flow direction can be determined. Shrunken, distorted cusps or shorter, fused chordae tendineae hinder the leaflets from closing, causing mitral regurgitation.
Gary, a healthy 16-year-old kid, is getting a sports physical examination. Which question from the past should the doctor ask Kevin or his parent?
With a comprehensive cardiac history and examination, the risk of sudden mortality from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy during athletic activities may be significantly reduced. A kid may be at risk for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy if they have a close relative who died of sudden cardiac disease before the age of 55.
Sharon, 52, has four children and a demanding job. After a normal physical exam, she states that she suffers from insomnia. You suggest several changes to one's daily routine that may improve sleep quality. You know she doesn't understand when she says which of the following?
An afternoon workout improves sleep quality and quantity, but exercising before bed is stimulating. After afternoon brisk walks, people fell asleep twice as fast and slept an extra hour, according to a large study.