Free DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery Practice Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The needle is moved toward the condyle's neck in?
- Akinosi method
- Inferior alveolar block
- All
- Gow-gates technique (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Gow-gates technique
The Gow-Gates technique is a comprehensive mandibular nerve block where the anesthetic solution is deposited near the neck of the condyle. This approach aims to anesthetize the entire V3 division of the trigeminal nerve, providing widespread anesthesia to the mandibular teeth, buccal soft tissues, and tongue. Its target site is superior and posterior to the traditional inferior alveolar nerve block.
Question 2: What is the color code for a medium-level emergency patient?
- Black
- Yellow (Correct answer)
- None
- Red
Correct answer: Yellow
In emergency triage systems, color codes are used to quickly classify patients based on the severity of their condition and the urgency of treatment. Yellow typically designates patients with a medium-level emergency, indicating their condition is serious but not immediately life-threatening, allowing for a short wait for treatment. Red is for immediate life-threatening conditions, and black for deceased or expectant deceased.
Question 3: Mandibular nerve block using a closed mouth technique?
- Akinosi method (Correct answer)
- Gow-gates technique
- None
- Both
Correct answer: Akinosi method
The Akinosi method, also known as the Vazirani-Akinosi closed-mouth mandibular nerve block, is performed with the patient's mouth closed or only partially open. This technique is particularly advantageous for patients who have difficulty opening their mouths due to conditions like trismus. It targets the inferior alveolar, lingual, and buccal nerves from a medial approach.
Question 4: Which of the following ASA classifications applies to a patient who's under threat to life?
- 5
- 1
- 3
- 4 (Correct answer)
Correct answer: 4
The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System assesses a patient's overall health before surgery. An ASA Class 4 patient is defined as having a severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life. This classification indicates a high risk for anesthesia and surgical procedures.
Question 5: Muscle that has been penetrated in IANB?
- All
- Medial pterygoid
- Buccinator (Correct answer)
- Temporalis
Correct answer: Buccinator
During an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB), the needle typically penetrates the buccinator muscle as it advances towards the pterygomandibular space. The buccinator muscle forms the bulk of the cheek and is superficial to the target nerves and vessels in this region. While other muscles are nearby, the buccinator is the one directly pierced by the needle.
Question 6: How many crystalloid infusions are necessary for 100 cc of blood loss?
- 300 cc (Correct answer)
- 400 cc
- 100 cc
- 200 cc
Correct answer: 300 cc
The general guideline for fluid resuscitation in cases of blood loss is to administer crystalloid solutions at a 3:1 ratio. This means for every 100 cc of blood lost, approximately 300 cc of crystalloid fluid (such as normal saline or lactated Ringer's) should be infused. This ratio accounts for the rapid redistribution of crystalloids out of the intravascular space into the interstitial fluid.
Question 7: Which local anesthetic produces cutaneous vasoconstriction?
- Prilocaine
- None
- Procaine
- Ropivacaine (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Ropivacaine
Ropivacaine is a local anesthetic that possesses intrinsic vasoconstrictive properties, particularly at higher concentrations. This means it can cause blood vessels to constrict, which helps to prolong its duration of action and reduce systemic absorption. Unlike many other local anesthetics that often require an added vasoconstrictor like epinephrine, ropivacaine has this effect inherently.
Free DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery Practice Questions and Answers
The needle is moved toward the condyle's neck in?