FREE CJBAT MCQ Questions and Answers
One who works to safeguard individual liberties during the criminal justice process.
This role often involves advocating for fair treatment, protection of due process, and ensuring that the rights of the accused are upheld in accordance with the law and the Constitution.
An idea that encompasses all facets of civilized life and is connected to fundamental ideas of justice and cultural norms of good and wrong.
Social justice refers to the idea that all individuals in society should have fair and equal access to opportunities, resources, and rights, regardless of their background, identity, or socioeconomic status.
What kind of situation is often involved in symbolic restitution?
Community service is a type of penalty that requires an offender to perform a specified amount of unpaid work for the benefit of the community. This work is often aimed at addressing the harm caused by the offense or contributing positively to the community in a symbolic way.
Which among the following is not a result of tougher sentencing laws?
Tougher sentencing laws, which often lead to longer prison terms and stricter punishments, can result in various outcomes, but they are not directly associated with lower taxes.
Refers to the body of laws that govern private disputes between individuals or organizations, as opposed to criminal law which deals with offenses against the state.
Civil law encompasses a wide range of legal matters, including contracts, property disputes, family law, personal injury claims, and more. It's concerned with upholding the rights and responsibilities of individuals in their interactions with each other.
What is most suitable for using a broad range of sentencing options and tailoring the punishment to the offender?
Rehabilitation in the context of criminal justice aims to address the underlying causes of criminal behavior and help offenders reintegrate into society as law-abiding citizens. This approach involves providing various programs, therapies, and interventions that are tailored to the individual's needs, circumstances, and risk factors.
The earliest a convict can be released on parole in many jurisdictions that use indeterminate sentences is normally when time served plus ____ equals the minimum sentence.
Good time refers to the reduction of a prisoner's sentence based on their good behavior and compliance with prison rules. In many jurisdictions that use indeterminate sentences, prisoners can earn good time credits for behaving well and participating in rehabilitation programs while incarcerated.
Most indeterminate sentencing schemes, the offender is leased from prison:
Indeterminate sentencing involves a range of time for a sentence, and the parole board assesses the offender's behavior, progress, and risk factors to determine if they are eligible for parole release.
Evidence demonstrates that rehabilitation institutions' performance depends on what?
Evidence demonstrates that the performance of rehabilitation institutions often depends on the willingness and desire of the inmate to change their behavior. Rehabilitation programs are designed to address the underlying causes of criminal behavior and help offenders develop the skills and attitudes necessary to lead law-abiding lives upon release.
Which of the following is least likely to be declared an illegal basis for sentencing discrimination?
Discriminating against individuals based on their race in the context of sentencing is prohibited by various laws and constitutional protections. The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, as well as other anti-discrimination laws, prohibits sentencing disparities or discrimination based on race.
In the United States, punishments including flogging, branding, or hand amputation are no longer legal. What is the reason?
In the United States, punishments such as flogging, branding, or hand amputation are no longer legal primarily due to the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment. The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits the imposition of punishments that are excessive, inhumane, or degrading.
What was formerly the main deterrent to imprisonment in the United States?
In earlier times, physical punishment, such as flogging or whipping, was a common form of deterrent and punishment for criminal offenses. The idea was that the fear of physical pain and public humiliation would discourage individuals from committing crimes. However, over time, attitudes toward punishment and criminal justice evolved, leading to the development of alternative methods of deterrence and rehabilitation.
A person who thinks that in some situations where there is a criminal threat to the public's safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights.
This perspective emphasizes the importance of maintaining social order, preventing crime, and ensuring the safety of the community.
What kind of punishment is more consistent with fines?
Retribution is a theory of punishment that focuses on restoring a sense of justice by inflicting a punishment that is proportionate to the harm caused by the offense. Fines, as a form of punishment, align with the retribution theory because they require the offender to pay a monetary amount that reflects the severity of the offense.
Cruel and unusual punishments are prohibited by the _______ amendment.
Cruel and unusual punishments are prohibited by the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
A fixed sentence, often known as a ______, is an imprisoning term of a certain length of time.
A fixed sentence, often known as a "determinate" sentence, is a specific term of imprisonment with a defined length of time.