FREE ASQ Six Sigma Black Belt Questions and Answers
Which statement regarding internal failure costs is true?
The description that best fits internal failure costs is:
"The costs resulting from a nonconformance detected before a product or service is provided."
Internal failure costs refer to the costs incurred due to errors, defects, or nonconformities identified within an organization before the product or service reaches the customer. These costs are associated with activities such as rework, scrap, repair, retesting, or any other corrective measures taken to rectify the non-conformance. Internal failure costs are incurred within the organization and can include expenses related to labor, materials, equipment, and any additional resources required to address the problem. By identifying and addressing nonconformities internally, organizations aim to prevent these issues from reaching customers and potentially causing external failures or customer dissatisfaction.
Which of the following has to happen first for a problem to be handled correctly?
In order for a problem to be solved correctly, the first step is indeed to define the problem. Defining the problem involves clearly understanding and articulating what the problem is, what its boundaries are, and what the desired outcome or solution looks like. This step is crucial because it sets the foundation for the entire problem-solving process. Without a clear definition, it becomes challenging to identify appropriate strategies, gather relevant information, and evaluate potential solutions. Therefore, a well-defined problem is the starting point for effective problem-solving.
Which statement regarding internal failure costs is true?
The costs resulting from a nonconformance (defect or error) that is detected before a product or service is provided to the customer are best described as internal failure costs.
To evaluate the statistical characteristics of, a measurement system analysis is created?
For a normal distribution, two standard deviations on each side of the mean would include approximately 95% of the total population. This is known as the "95% confidence interval" or the "95% rule." The empirical rule, also known as the 68-95-99.7 rule, states that for a normal distribution:
- Approximately 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean.
- Approximately 95% of the data falls within two standard deviations of the mean.
- Approximately 99.7% of the data falls within three standard deviations of the mean.
Therefore, when considering two standard deviations on each side of the mean, it encompasses the central 95% of the population.
Which of the following should a change agent assist the organization with?
A change agent is responsible for helping the organization overcome the fear of the unknown. Change often brings uncertainty and resistance within an organization. As a change agent, it is their role to support and guide individuals and teams through the process of change, addressing their concerns, and helping them navigate the unfamiliar territory. This involves helping employees understand the need for change, providing them with information and resources, and facilitating communication and collaboration to create a supportive environment. By addressing fears and uncertainties, the change agent helps to alleviate resistance and increase the organization's readiness and ability to embrace and adapt to change.
Which of the following tools is frequently employed during a project's define phase?
The Affinity Diagram is commonly used in the "Define" phase of a project, which is part of the Six Sigma problem-solving methodology known as DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). The Affinity Diagram is a valuable tool for organizing and prioritizing ideas, data, and information gathered during the initial stages of problem-solving and process improvement projects.
Which of the following can be accomplished with a tree diagram?
A tree diagram can be used to reveal the true level of a problem's complexity. Tree diagrams are graphical representations that break down a problem or situation into its component parts, helping to organize and analyze the various elements involved.
What proportion of the population would fall inside the two standard deviations on either side of the mean for a normal distribution?
In a normal distribution, approximately 95% of the population falls within two standard deviations on either side of the mean. This property of the normal distribution is known as the 95% confidence interval or the 95% rule.
Which tool from the list below is frequently used in quality function deployment (QFD)?
Matrix diagram tools are indeed used extensively in Quality Function Deployment (QFD). QFD is a structured approach used in product development and quality management to ensure that customer requirements are met throughout the design and production processes.
Which of the following pairs of data measurements is used to calculate total variance in measurement system analysis?
In Measurement System Analysis (MSA), the total variance is determined by the sum of measurement variance and process variance. Both of these components contribute to the overall variability observed in the data measurements.
Which of the following should a change agent assist the organization with?
A change agent is responsible for helping the organization overcome the fear of the unknown during times of change or transformation. Change can be unsettling for individuals and organizations, often leading to resistance and fear of what lies ahead. As a change agent, their role involves guiding and supporting the organization through the change process and addressing these concerns.
What should be done next once the main headings of a tree diagram have been broken down more thoroughly?
After the major headings of a tree diagram have been broken down into greater detail, the next step is to review the diagram for logical flow and completeness. This step is essential to ensure that the tree diagram effectively captures all relevant information and presents it in a logical and coherent manner.
A six sigma team's ability to construct a problem statement through the process of?
Developing a problem statement in the context of a Six Sigma project is a crucial step that helps the team achieve consensus and ownership of the process improvement effort. The process involves defining the problem or opportunity in a clear and concise manner, ensuring that all team members understand and agree on the project's objectives.
Which of the following practices is NOT typically utilized to shorten process cycle time?
Implementing Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is not primarily used to reduce process cycle time. ABC is a cost accounting methodology that aims to allocate costs more accurately to products, services, or activities based on their consumption of resources.
Which of the following best describes the 95% confidence interval for a department with 30 employees and an absentee rate of 20%?
The 95% confidence interval of a 20% absentee rate in a department with 30 people is "6% to 34%". This means that based on the data and statistical analysis, we can be 95% confident that the true absentee rate in the department lies somewhere between 6% and 34%. The actual absentee rate may be as low as 6% or as high as 34%, with 20% being the point estimate (the midpoint) of the confidence interval.
Which tool from the list below is frequently used in quality function deployment (QFD)?
The tool used extensively in Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is the Matrix diagram. The Matrix diagram, also known as the House of Quality, is a key tool in QFD methodology. It is used to visually capture and organize customer requirements, product features, and their interrelationships. The Matrix diagram helps to translate customer needs into specific design requirements and provides a framework for prioritizing those requirements based on customer importance and technical feasibility.