Free ASME Principles of Welding Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Square wave refers to the ____________.
- shape of the filler metal
- shape of the tungsten electrode
- shape of the output power (Correct answer)
- shape of the power source control box
Correct answer: shape of the output power
Explanation: <br> The shape of the output waveform from this type of power source is referred to as square wave. These types of power sources have enhanced performance on a.c. They can control the balance, amplitude, frequency, etc. to allow better control of penetration and cleaning action.
Question 2: Shielding gases are used to protect the molten metal from _______.
- being overheated and cooling to fast
- porosity and brittleness (Correct answer)
- heat and distortion
- being too cold and not penetrating
Correct answer: porosity and brittleness
Explanation: <br> The surrounding air around the weld pool contains oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. These gases get into the molten weld pool and cause gas bubbles to form (porosity) and lead to embrittlement and weld cracking.
Question 3: Weld backing is used with a process that uses a separate flux and electrode to _______.
- make the overall weld joint stiffer
- provide more weight to the weldment
- make the material thicker where it is needed
- support the highly fluid weld pool so it will not fall through the joint (Correct answer)
Correct answer: support the highly fluid weld pool so it will not fall through the joint
Explanation: <br> Weld backing is used on the back side of the joint to prevent melt-through and to ensure complete penetration of the weld joint.
Question 4: If a liquid weld pool is at a very high level of energy, at what approximate temperature will the steel begin to solidify?
- 1333 F
- 2780 F (Correct answer)
- 3200 F
- 3780 F
Correct answer: 2780 F
Explanation: <br> When welding, the melting point of steel (approx. 27800 F) versus the solidification point of the fast freezing flux or slag (approx. 32000 F) is important to know. Also, it is important to know that the melting point varies with the carbon and alloy content of steel. Steel is magnetic until heated above the transformation temperature of approximately 1333 0 F. How fast the metal conducts heat will have a large effect of preheat and inter-pass temperature control. How much the metal expands on heating and contracts when cooling needs to be understood to control buckling and distortion.
Question 5: __________ is a groove melted into the base metal next to the weld toe or weld root and has not been filled in.
- Cracks
- Craters
- Under fill
- Undercut (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Undercut
Explanation: <br> Undercut best describes this fashion. Some people want to call it “under fill” but it is not correct, since it is not in the weld being located next to the toe.
Question 6: If the weld does not combine with another weld or the base metal it is referred to as:
- incomplete penetration
- incomplete fusion (Correct answer)
- incomplete bonding
- incomplete inclusion
Correct answer: incomplete fusion
Explanation: <br> If the weld does not combine with another weld or the base metal it is referred to as Incomplete fusion.
Question 7: Which term best describes the operation where a welder or welding operator has control of a molten weld pool and the weld pool has a side-to-side motion that is transverse to the travel direction?
- Oscillation
- Weaving (Correct answer)
- Whipping
- Both A and C
Correct answer: Weaving
Explanation: <br> This welding technique would appear in the welding instructions or in the welding procedure specification. This generally increases the heat input per weld pass, but will generally reduce the total number of weld passes required to fill the joint.
Question 8: A broken surface is being observed. A small pore or inclusion-type discontinuity appears as a round bright area. Which term fits this description?
- Nucleation
- Crack
- Spider web
- Fisheye (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Fisheye
Explanation: <br> A fisheye is caused by the presence of hydrogen in the weld. If this appeared on a break test of some type it may or may not be acceptable. Always verify the acceptance criteria per the code or specification.
Question 9: Arc time is:
- the time the arc is on during the arc welding operation. (Correct answer)
- the total time the welder is clocked into work.
- the non-arc time.
- the total arc and non-arc time.
Correct answer: the time the arc is on during the arc welding operation.
Explanation: <br> This is also considered the operating factor and is thought of as the percentage of a shift that a welder/welding operator is actually welding. For robotic and mechanized welding, it can be as high as 90% while for manual and semiautomatic welding it can be as low as 10-20% operating factors.
Question 10: What is the difference between back and backing welds?
- Equipment used
- Sequence of when the welds are made (Correct answer)
- Materials used
- None of the above
Correct answer: Sequence of when the welds are made
Explanation: <br> Though the weld symbols are identical, the sequence of how the welds are made is different. The back weld is made last and the backing weld is made first.
Question 11: Before welding can be done to an industrial welding standard, the supervisor needs to verify:
- the quality metric.
- the cost metric.
- the safety metric.
- that the welding procedure specifications and welder qualifications are in order. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: that the welding procedure specifications and welder qualifications are in order.
Explanation: <br> All industrial codes and standards reference the requirement for having qualified procedures. They need to be openly available and the welders need to be trained on their proper use. The welders need to be qualified on those procedures and their qualifications must be current. The supervisor needs to do this by verifying the welder's continuity report.
Free ASME Principles of Welding Questions and Answers
Square wave refers to the ____________.