Free AMTA Anatomy and Physiology Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers

Question 1: All muscles come in pairs, the agonist and the ________________.

Abductor
Bipennate
Sacromere
Antagonist (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Antagonist

Explanation: The antagonist works to counter the torque of the agonist, often used in slowing down a motion. Occurring in pairs, the agonist and the antagonist often balance each other, one contracts and the other relaxes.

Question 2: The long shaft of a bone is called ____________________.

Epiphysis
Endosteum
Diaphysis (Correct answer)
Periosteum

Correct answer: Diaphysis

Explanation: The epiphysis is the end of a long one. The endosteum is the thin layer of connective tissue that makes up the medullary cavity. The periosteum is a sheath of connective tissue enveloping the bone except at articulation.

Question 3: Where bones meet to form a joint:

Ligament
Enthesis
Bursa
Articulation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Articulation

Explanation: Articulation is where two bones meet to form a joint. A ligament is a connective tissue that attaches bone to bone. Enthesis is connective tissue between a ligament and bone or between a bone and a tendon. The bursa is the fluid-filled sac found between bones at the joint to counter friction.

Question 4: When a bone turns on its own central axis making a circular movement, it is called ________________.

Circumduction
Gliding
Angular
Rotation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Rotation

Explanation: Circumduction is a combination of abduction and adduction as well as flexion and extension, a conical movement usually originating at a ball and socket joint. Gliding is a planar joint (where two bones meet at a majorly flat articular surface) allowing bones to move along the joint's plane in any direction. Angular movements are defined by the fixed point from which they move, like a pendulum.

Question 5: What is the meaning of the Greek root "derm"?

Ligament
Bone
Skin (Correct answer)
Muscle

Correct answer: Skin

Explanation: Ligament translates from Latin, “to bind, tie.” Bone comes from old English, bon. Muscle is a Middle French/Latin derivative translating to “muscle, sinew”/“little mouse”.

Question 6: What plane divides the body into front and back regions?

Tranverse (horizontal) plane
Lateral (Sagittal) plane
Frontal (coronal) plane (Correct answer)
Midsagittal (median) plane

Correct answer: Frontal (coronal) plane

Explanation: Transverse refers to the plane dividing the upper trunk from the lower body horizontally. Lateral plane or sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sides vertically. The midsagittal plane is just like the lateral or sagittal, only it specifies the direct center of the body as the division line.

Question 7: Smooth muscle is also known as ___________________.

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Visceral muscle (Correct answer)
Striated muscle

Correct answer: Visceral muscle

Explanation: Visceral muscle is smooth muscle associated with the organs, especially those in the abdominal cavity. Skeletal muscle is a form of striated muscle. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart and is its own classification. Striated muscle is composed of sarcomeres which form contractile fibrils and then run parallel to one another in small groupings creating muscle marked in dark and light bands. It includes skeletal, cardiac muscle, and most of our other muscles.

Question 8: Skeletal muscles normally work __________________.

one at a time
in groups (Correct answer)
isometrically
automatically

Correct answer: in groups

Explanation: Muscles have to work in at least pairs as antagonists because they pull bones without pushing them. So, one muscle works to flex and the other to extend. Isometrically is one version of how we can use our muscles. This just means that we can use more or less pressure but the distance will stay the same. An example is pushing on a locked door. While we have some muscles that move automatically, like our heart that moves without intention, our skeletal muscles are not among them generally.

Question 9: Skeletal muscle is attached to bone by __________________.

Ligaments
Epidermis
Joints
Tendons (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Tendons

Explanation: A tendon connects a muscle to a bone. It is typically a flexible but inelastic cord of strong collagen fiber tissue. Ligaments connect bone to bone. Epidermis refers to the skin. Joints are the articulating parts of our body like the elbows and the knees.

Question 10: Which of the following are voluntary muscles ________________.

Skeletal muscle (Correct answer)
Cardiac muscle
Visceral muscle
Spindle muscle

Correct answer: Skeletal muscle

Explanation: Skeletal muscle is the correct answer, as voluntary refers to muscles that are generally under the control of the individual's will. The cardiac muscle is what makes up the heart and is an involuntary muscle. Visceral describes the muscle type making up the intestines and most of the organs. Spindle fibers are actually proprioceptors in the bellies of the muscles.

Question 11: The hypodermis is directly below what layer of skin?

Epidermis
Dermis (Correct answer)
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Germinatvium

Correct answer: Dermis

Explanation: The order from superficial to deep goes stratum corneum (mostly dead, non-nucleated skin), epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and stratum germinativum (the 5th layer and the basal layer).

Free AMTA Anatomy and Physiology Questions and Answers

All muscles come in pairs, the agonist and the ________________.