All of the above. Some dense liquids (e.g., some acids) may exceed legal weight limits. Liquids can also expand as they warm. Therefore you should check the weight of the liquid, the legal weight limits, and how much the liquid will expand before determining how much liquid you can safely load.
All of the above. Liquid surge is caused by the movement of liquid in partially filled tanks. Abrupt start, stops or lane changes will increase the effects of liquid surge. Thicker liquids will tend to move less, which will reduce the effects of liquid surge.
Travel well below the posted speed limit on a curve. Most rollovers occur around curves. Tests have shown that rollovers can occur at the posted speed limit for a curve, so you should drive well below the posted speed limit. Also, you should slow down before the curve, and then accelerate slightly through the curve. You should not aggressively brake while on the curve.
Interior bulkheads with holes that let the liquid flow through. Unbaffled tankers have a smooth interior and are often referred to as smooth bore tanks.
Milk or food products. A smooth bore tanker has no baffles. Smooth bore tanker are used to deliver milk and food products because sanitation regulations forbid the use of baffles because of the difficulty in cleaning the inside of the tanks.
High center of gravity of the cargo. Tankers carry much of the their load high above the load - which results in a high center of gravity. The high center of gravity makes the tanker top-heavy and harder to handle (e.g., increases the risk of rollover).
Unbaffled liquid tank. A smooth bore tanker has no baffles. Smooth bore tanker are often used to deliver milk and food products because sanitation regulations forbid the use of baffles because of the difficulty in cleaning the inside of the tanks.
Free space left in a tanker to allow for expansion of the liquid from temperature changes. Because the liquid may expand when it becomes warm, you will need to leave room (outage) in the tanker. You must know the outage requirements for the liquids you will be carrying in your tanker.
When starting and stopping. Since smooth bore tankers have no baffles, they are susceptible to strong forward-and-back surges. You should be extra careful when starting and stopping.
Surge. Liquid surge is caused by the movement of liquid in partially filled tanks. Abrupt start, stops or lane changes will increase the effects of liquid surge.
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CDL Tanker Test #2
