The circulatory system is the heart and blood vessels. Arteries are the vessels that leave the heart with oxygen and nutrients for all cells. Veins are the vessels that remove waste products and carbon dioxide.
Every staff member is responsible for keeping clients safe at all times. This includes monitoring all equipment and reporting when anything needs repair. Never use broken equipment or try to create a temporary solution if equipment is not working properly. Tag the broken item and move it so that another client can't use it.
Varicose veins are large, swollen veins in the legs that result from weakened valves. Veins have one-way valves to prevent blood from backflowing as it returns to the heart. If they are damaged, the blood pools in the veins, causing swelling, pain, and possibly blood clots. Varicose veins can be treated with compression stockings, or if they are serious, surgery.
A fracture pan is a smaller version of a bedpan, with one side flat, which makes it easier to slide under a patient who cannot raise their hips or who must maintain alignment. The other end has a handle for easy removal. Many nurses like to powder the fracture pan to make it easier to slide and to avoid skin irritation.
Fecal impaction can be serious. When constipation is not resolved, stool becomes hardened and unable to pass. Liquid stool may pass around the impaction. Patients may complain of feeling bloated; having the urge to push; nausea or vomiting; not wanting to eat. There are several treatments to expel the impaction, but it may need to be manually removed.
Systolic pressure is the top number of a blood pressure reading. It measures the pressure in the arteries after the heart takes a beat, as the blood moves. The normal pressure is less than 120. A pressure of 120-140 is considered pre-hypertensive.
A restraint is a way of limiting a patient's movement or freedom. It protects the patient's safety or the safety of others. An active restraint is attached to the patient's body and to a secure object. Example: a vest that ties to a wheelchair.
Hospice is a special type of care that works with patients who have life-limiting conditions, their families, and their caregivers. The goal is to maintain the patient's dignity and quality of life, while supporting each person. Hospice care does not prolong life or hasten death.
While the RN can assign or delegate tasks that are in your job description, they must ensure that you know how to do the task and that it's beneficial to the patient. Some non-RN tasks may be outside the scope of your CNA practice. If so, inform the RN.
The left Sim's position is used for rectal examinations and administering enemas. The client lies on the left side, with the right knee and hip bent. It is also called the lateral recumbent or semi prone side position.
Fowler's position is a sitting position that is used for several reasons. It prevents aspiration during and after a tube feeding. It can also help patients with respiratory problems breathe more easily. Standard Fowler's position is 45-60 degrees.
As a healthcare professional, the CNA can choose from a variety of work settings, depending on interest and experience. Hospitals, hospices, and home care are three examples, as well as clinics and long-term care facilities.
A colostomy is a surgical procedure that takes a section of the colon and creates an artificial opening through the abdomen. The opening is called a stoma. Contents of the colon, or large intestine, are collected in a pouch outside the body.
When taking a blood pressure, inflate the cuff of the sphygmomanometer until it is snug, about 180 mmHg. Slowly release the valve of the cuff. When the blood is allowed to circulate, there will be a sound. That is the systolic pressure measurement, or the top number of the blood pressure reading. Hint: To remember which is the top number, think of the "S" in systolic, superior, and sky. All of them are "above" or "high.
When prioritizing, start with the patient that has the most urgent need. Assist the patient to the bathroom, to prevent incontinence and clean up. The patient will be comfortable, and you can then attend to the other patients.
A reddened area is the first sign of skin breakdown. It means that there is pressure and a lack of blood circulation to the area. The nurse aide should immediately remove the source of pressure or reposition the client to eliminate pressure. Never massage a reddened area, as this will increase the damage. Report your observation to the nurse.
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