The somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions, while the autonomic nervous system functions primarily below the level of consciousness to control functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration, breathing, and swallowing. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.
Mass is measured in grams. One kilogram equals 1,000 grams, and one gram equals 1,000 milligrams.
Iron is found at the center of each of the hemoglobin subunits and is responsible for ‘grabbing’ oxygen from the air in the lungs, and releasing it as it travels through your body. As a result, iron deficiency can cause a lowered level of red blood cells, and lower your ability to exercise!
Vultures are considered to be scavengers since they eat dead animals. Decomposers are organisms that break down organic matter from dead animals and plants into simpler substances.
Force is the product of mass and acceleration. Mass has units of kilograms and acceleration has units of meters per second per second. In honor of Isaac Newton and his equation F=ma, force is measured in newtons.
The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change from one form to another. For example, an object dropped from a rooftop will undergo a change from potential energy to kinetic energy and hit the floor with a force equal to the amount of work done on the object by gravity.
The four blood types are A, B, AB, and O. Type AB is the universal recipient, and type O is the universal donor.
Mid-level clouds, or middle clouds, occur at altitudes of 6,000 to 20,000 feet. Cirrus = High Clouds, Alto = Middle Clouds, Stratus = Low Clouds.
The basic unit of matter is called the Atom. Atoms consist of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The nucleus contains a mixture of protons which are positively charged, and neutrons, which are electrically neutral.
Newton's First Law is often called the law of inertia. Newton's Second Law: Force=Mass x Acceleration. Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite re-action.
When the original rock is subjected to extreme heat and pressure, profound physical and chemical changes can occur. The three main types of rocks are metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary. Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the Earth's crust. Common metamorphic rocks include marble, slate, gneiss, quartzite, and schist.
The troposphere begins at the Earth's surface and extends up 4-12 miles high. Almost all weather occurs in the Troposphere.
Bile is a dark, bitter fluid produced continuously by the liver. Bile helps to digest lipids within the small intestine.
Sodium chloride is another word for salt, a mineral. Flaxseed is a source of fat. Minerals are a type of micronutrient, but micronutrients are not an example of minerals. Vitamin D is a type of vitamin.
Mitosis is the process by which cells replicate their chromosomes. The information contained in the cell’s nucleus is duplicated and one cell splits into two. This process occurs in all somatic cells.
Platelets are small proteins in the bloodstream that react when the body signals an injury, and are the primary mechanism of clotting.
The order of the planets from the sun is: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
Chemical elements are substances containing only atoms of a single type. The element Carbon, for example, only contains Carbon atoms. Molecules are compounds of the same or different elements. Chemical elements include metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.
