FREE DAANCE Pharmacology Questions and Answers
What are the contraindications of ketamine?
Ketamine, an anesthetic agent, is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled glaucoma due to its potential to increase intraocular pressure. It should also be avoided during pregnancy due to potential adverse effects on the fetus. Patients with psychiatric issues may experience exacerbation of symptoms such as hallucinations and delirium. Those with heart disease are at risk because ketamine can increase heart rate and blood pressure. Understanding these contraindications is crucial for ensuring the safe administration of ketamine and avoiding complications in vulnerable patient populations.
What type of medication is pentothal (Thiopental)?
Pentothal, also known as Thiopental, is a short-acting barbiturate primarily used for anesthesia induction and as an intravenous anesthetic agent. Barbiturates like thiopental act on the central nervous system by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity, resulting in sedative and hypnotic effects suitable for anesthesia.
What are the common side effects of methohexital (Brevital)?
Methohexital (Brevital) is a barbiturate used for anesthesia induction. Common side effects include respiratory depression leading to apnea upon induction, muscle twitching, hiccups, changes in blood pressure and heart rate, and potential airway complications like laryngospasm and bronchospasm. Recognizing and managing these side effects promptly is crucial during anesthesia administration.
What type of medication is methohexital (Brevital)?
Methohexital, also known as Brevital, is a short-acting barbiturate primarily used for anesthesia induction and sedation. Barbiturates like methohexital act as central nervous system depressants by enhancing the effects of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity, thereby producing sedative and hypnotic effects.
What type of medication is propofol?
Propofol is a potent intravenous sedative-hypnotic agent used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It acts quickly and has antiemetic properties, making it effective for preventing nausea and vomiting during and after surgical procedures. Its rapid onset and short duration of action contribute to its popularity in anesthesia practice.
What is Diazepam (Valium) used for in oral surgery?
Diazepam (Valium) is a benzodiazepine commonly used in oral surgery to sedate patients. It helps to reduce anxiety, produce a calming effect, and make the procedure more comfortable for the patient. Understanding the use of diazepam in this context is important for ensuring appropriate sedation management and patient care during oral surgical procedures.
What type of medication is ketamine?
Ketamine is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance and is known for its dissociative effects, which can include amnesia and analgesia. It is used as an anesthetic agent for sedation, induction, and analgesia in various medical and dental procedures.